金門海岸植被演替調查研究(一)
金門海岸植被演替調查研究（一）
摘要
在烈嶼島20 個研究地點，各設置5 條1x50m²樣帶，總共調查125 個樣帶(區)的植物，量測樣區內植物之覆蓋度，並以覆蓋度為介量計算各樣區的相似性係數。
用矩陣群團分析法，將全區植群分成21 個群團(groups)或型（types）。沙岸植群8 個、泥岸植群5 個、岩岸植群7 個；另有1 個群團為岩岸、泥岸、沙岸植群所共有。本區海岸植物總計有197 種，其中154 種為原生種，43 種為外來種。
各種海岸類型之喬木帶外來種種類及覆蓋度均遠小於原生種；灌木帶之外來種之種數約為原生種的1/3，唯覆蓋度接近1/2；草本植物帶植物種類較多，原生植物種類每調查區平均16 種，外來種平均6 種。各調查據點不同植物帶的外來種種數和覆蓋度卻有差異，可用以指示生育地受干擾的程度與演替之系列期。以2x2關聯表測定各海岸類型之各植物帶佔優勢之原生植物之間的相關性，結果顯示，喬木帶僅榕樹和苦楝呈顯著正相關。
沙岸之灌木帶和泥岸灌木帶之原生植物之間，均不呈相關性。岩岸灌木帶之菱葉捕魚木和海桐、苦藍盤和海桐呈極顯著之正相關，雀梅藤和苦藍盤、菱葉捕魚木和苦藍盤呈顯著之相關；草本植物帶方面，沙岸之馬鞍藤、蔓荊、番杏、狗牙根、濱剪刀股之間大都呈顯著或極顯著之正相關。
泥岸之馬鞍藤和狗牙根、羊蹄和鋪地黍呈顯著之相關；岩岸之番杏和狗牙根之間呈極顯著之相關性。根據各類型海岸分析其演替系列，並繪製演替剖面圖。演替研究結果、植物種間相關性及原生植物之社會性，可提供烈嶼地區海岸植物復育之參考依據。
關鍵詞：金門烈嶼地區海岸植群、演替、2x2 關聯表、矩陣群落分析、外來種
ABSTRACT
Coastal vegetation of Lieyu Island of Jin-Men Area was studied by setting up sampling plots at 20 localities. Five 1x50 ㎡ plots in each locality and totally 125 sampling plots had been carried out through the whole study area. Coverage of each plant species based on 1x1 ㎡ subplot within the 1x50 ㎡ plot was estimated and used for producing similarity index.
Twenty-one vegetation types in the area had been identified through matrix cluster analysis. Among them, 8 types were found in sandy beaches, 5 types in muddy shorelines and 7 types in rocky shorelines while I type appeared in all kinds of coastal habitats. In total, there were 197 vascular plant species recorded in the sampling plots, in which 154 were native whereas 43 exotic species.
Coverage and species diversity of exotic species were observed much lower or smaller than those of native ones in the tree zones, indicating less disturbance took place in the area. Nevertheless, species diversity was greater and averaged coverage was higher of exotics/natives in herbaceous zones than in shrub and tree zones. The observation revealed that the growth and dispersal of exotic species were much vigorous in herbaceous zones at least in this stage. In order to understand the inter-relationship between the common plant species, each possible paired species was tested by means of 2x2 contingency table method. The results were as follows: in tree zones, only Ficus microcarpa and Melia azedarach were positively associated.
In shrub zones, no association was observed in all species tested for sandy beaches and muddy shorelines. On the contrary, positive association existed in many species pairs such as Grewia rhombifolia and Pittorsporum tobira, Clerodendron inerme and Pittosporum tobira, Sageretia theezan and Clerodendron inerme, Grewia rhombifolia and Clerodendron inerme in shrub zones of rocky shorelines. Much more associated species were found herbaceous zones, i.g. Ipomoea pes-capare subsp. brasiliensis and most native species in sandy beaches and in rocky shorelines. Succession profiles of typical vegetation types in sandy beaches, muddy shorelines and rocky shorelines were completed based on data of vegetation zonation and survey made in the field.
All analysis data in the study are expected to contribute to the restoration attempt of native vegetation for the coastal areas in the future.
Keywords: Lieyu Island, Jim-Men, coastal vegetation, succession, 2x2 contingency table, matrix cluster analysis, exotic plant species.
摘要
在烈嶼島20 個研究地點，各設置5 條1x50m²樣帶，總共調查125 個樣帶(區)的植物，量測樣區內植物之覆蓋度，並以覆蓋度為介量計算各樣區的相似性係數。
用矩陣群團分析法，將全區植群分成21 個群團(groups)或型（types）。沙岸植群8 個、泥岸植群5 個、岩岸植群7 個；另有1 個群團為岩岸、泥岸、沙岸植群所共有。本區海岸植物總計有197 種，其中154 種為原生種，43 種為外來種。
各種海岸類型之喬木帶外來種種類及覆蓋度均遠小於原生種；灌木帶之外來種之種數約為原生種的1/3，唯覆蓋度接近1/2；草本植物帶植物種類較多，原生植物種類每調查區平均16 種，外來種平均6 種。各調查據點不同植物帶的外來種種數和覆蓋度卻有差異，可用以指示生育地受干擾的程度與演替之系列期。以2x2關聯表測定各海岸類型之各植物帶佔優勢之原生植物之間的相關性，結果顯示，喬木帶僅榕樹和苦楝呈顯著正相關。
沙岸之灌木帶和泥岸灌木帶之原生植物之間，均不呈相關性。岩岸灌木帶之菱葉捕魚木和海桐、苦藍盤和海桐呈極顯著之正相關，雀梅藤和苦藍盤、菱葉捕魚木和苦藍盤呈顯著之相關；草本植物帶方面，沙岸之馬鞍藤、蔓荊、番杏、狗牙根、濱剪刀股之間大都呈顯著或極顯著之正相關。
泥岸之馬鞍藤和狗牙根、羊蹄和鋪地黍呈顯著之相關；岩岸之番杏和狗牙根之間呈極顯著之相關性。根據各類型海岸分析其演替系列，並繪製演替剖面圖。演替研究結果、植物種間相關性及原生植物之社會性，可提供烈嶼地區海岸植物復育之參考依據。
關鍵詞：金門烈嶼地區海岸植群、演替、2x2 關聯表、矩陣群落分析、外來種
ABSTRACT
Coastal vegetation of Lieyu Island of Jin-Men Area was studied by setting up sampling plots at 20 localities. Five 1x50 ㎡ plots in each locality and totally 125 sampling plots had been carried out through the whole study area. Coverage of each plant species based on 1x1 ㎡ subplot within the 1x50 ㎡ plot was estimated and used for producing similarity index.
Twenty-one vegetation types in the area had been identified through matrix cluster analysis. Among them, 8 types were found in sandy beaches, 5 types in muddy shorelines and 7 types in rocky shorelines while I type appeared in all kinds of coastal habitats. In total, there were 197 vascular plant species recorded in the sampling plots, in which 154 were native whereas 43 exotic species.
Coverage and species diversity of exotic species were observed much lower or smaller than those of native ones in the tree zones, indicating less disturbance took place in the area. Nevertheless, species diversity was greater and averaged coverage was higher of exotics/natives in herbaceous zones than in shrub and tree zones. The observation revealed that the growth and dispersal of exotic species were much vigorous in herbaceous zones at least in this stage. In order to understand the inter-relationship between the common plant species, each possible paired species was tested by means of 2x2 contingency table method. The results were as follows: in tree zones, only Ficus microcarpa and Melia azedarach were positively associated.
In shrub zones, no association was observed in all species tested for sandy beaches and muddy shorelines. On the contrary, positive association existed in many species pairs such as Grewia rhombifolia and Pittorsporum tobira, Clerodendron inerme and Pittosporum tobira, Sageretia theezan and Clerodendron inerme, Grewia rhombifolia and Clerodendron inerme in shrub zones of rocky shorelines. Much more associated species were found herbaceous zones, i.g. Ipomoea pes-capare subsp. brasiliensis and most native species in sandy beaches and in rocky shorelines. Succession profiles of typical vegetation types in sandy beaches, muddy shorelines and rocky shorelines were completed based on data of vegetation zonation and survey made in the field.
All analysis data in the study are expected to contribute to the restoration attempt of native vegetation for the coastal areas in the future.
Keywords: Lieyu Island, Jim-Men, coastal vegetation, succession, 2x2 contingency table, matrix cluster analysis, exotic plant species.