金門國家公園鳥類生態紀錄研究
本研究之目的是描述金門地區之鳥類群聚特性，建立鳥種-棲地對照表之雛型，及針對金門鳥類之經營管理、長期監測、與未來研究，提供初步建議。
計畫期間自1998年8月至1999年6月，野外調查自1998年9月起共10個月。本研究將金門分為5大類型棲地:淡水溼地、鹹水溼地、潮間帶、混淆林、樹木-草地間雜區，設定22個調查點與2條穿越線，進行每月例行調查，並在其他地點進行機動性調查。例行調查結果顯示，金門地區鳥類群聚組成有明顯的月變化，數量上以冬候鳥為優勢，尤其鸕鶿與赤頸鴨的數量最多;冬季與候鳥過境期的鳥種豐富度最高。各型棲地的鳥種數皆以春、秋、冬季較高，夏季較低;各月鳥類數量變化以淡水溼地較為穩定，潮間帶差異最大，反應出冬候鳥的影響。不同調查地點的鳥類群聚亦不相同，其中慈湖與陵水湖為兩處鳥類豐富度較高的地區。調查期間共記錄43科177種鳥。本年度發現畫眉與栗背短腳鵯兩種新紀錄種，因此，目前金門地區鳥類名錄共為54科283種。
在鳥種-棲地對照表之建立方面，現有資料僅允許納入96種鳥，包括47種繁殖鳥與49種非繁殖鳥。此對照表乃一範例而已，用意在方展現此類管理工具的建立方法與用法;國家公園管理處需要不斷補充、更新相關資訊，對照表方能提供管理者正確的資訊以為決策之參考。
本研究亦比較了分類上相近鳥種之棲地利用模式，包括7種鷺科、6種鴨科、5種猛禽、3種秧雞科、2種鳩鴿科、2種鶯亞科、3種椋鳥科與4種翡翠科的鳥。結果顯示各科鳥種在棲地類型之利用上多半有所區隔，即便大尺度棲地利用上相似的鳥種，若能進一步做細部比較，應也有所區隔，例如翡翠科的斑魚狗與翠鳥，就在活動高度與停棲位置等微棲地利用上有相當的差異。
綜合本年度的研究心得，本報告共提出7點對國家公園經營管理之建議:1)增編浦邊海灘於國家公園範圍內;2)經營栗喉蜂虎繁殖地;3)增加玉章路之植物多樣性;4)溼地植物管理以部分不變為原則;5)儘量維護土堤之自然狀況;6)建立野生動物-棲地利用對照表;7)進行慈湖生態、土堤生態、夏候鳥與鷺鷥繁殖等主題之研究。
Abstract
This study has three objectives: 1) survey the avifauna of Chinmen National park, 2) construct a bird species-habitat matrix, and 3) make recommendations conceming the management and monitoring of bird resources within the park as well as future research needs.
This study lasted form September 1998 through June 1999. Field work was conducted monthly on 22 survey stations and along two transect lines.Additional surveys were conducted at other locations on irregular basis. Habitat was divided into five major types: fresh water wetland, salt marshes, inter-tidal zone, open woodland, and forest. The species, abundance, and habitat of each bird seen were recorded. Results showed that species composition varied form month to month, Wintering birds dominated in numbers, with the Common Cormorant (Pbalacrocorax carbo) and the European Wigeon (Anas penelope) the most numerous. Species diversity was high in spring autumn, and winter, but low in summer. Monthly variation in abundance was lowest for freshwater wetlands while highest for the inter-tidal region, which reflects the heavy use of winter migrants on the inter-tidal zone. The species composition of the survey stations differed. Tzu-hu and Ling-shui=hu had the highest species richness. All together, 177 species of birds in 43 families were seen, including two new records for Chinmen Islnad. These were the Huamei(Garrulax canorus)
And the Chestnut Bulbul (Hypsipetes castanonotus). With these sightings, the total avifauna for Chinmen is now 283 species in 54 families.
The habitat use of birds was compared for major species in 8 groups, including 7 egrets, 6 ducks, 5 diumal raptors, 3 rails, 2 doves, 2 warblers, 3 starlings, and 4 kingfishers. Results showed that there was habitat segregation for most of the species compared. For species that appeared to use the same combination of habitats, for example the Common Kingfisher (Alcedo attbis) and the lesser Pied Kingfisher (Ceryle rudis), there was still obvious habitat separation resulting form different foraging heights and perch locations.
Based on this study, 7 specific recommendations to the National Parks Office are present ed in this report: 1) Expand the National Park boundaries to include Pu-bien Coastal Area. 2) Find a suitable location within the Park to construct and manage a nesting habitat for the Blue-cheeked Bee Eater (Merops superciliosus). 3) Increase the plant species diversity along Yu-chang Road. 4) Maintain overall habitat stability when thinning marsh plants. 5) Avoid constructing cemented dikes to maintain ground nesting bird habitat. 6) Construct a wildlife species-habitat matrix as a management tool. 7) Conduct research on the ecology of Tzu-hu, the ecology of earthen dikes, the breeding biology of summer visitors, and verify the resident status of egrets on Chinmen.
計畫期間自1998年8月至1999年6月，野外調查自1998年9月起共10個月。本研究將金門分為5大類型棲地:淡水溼地、鹹水溼地、潮間帶、混淆林、樹木-草地間雜區，設定22個調查點與2條穿越線，進行每月例行調查，並在其他地點進行機動性調查。例行調查結果顯示，金門地區鳥類群聚組成有明顯的月變化，數量上以冬候鳥為優勢，尤其鸕鶿與赤頸鴨的數量最多;冬季與候鳥過境期的鳥種豐富度最高。各型棲地的鳥種數皆以春、秋、冬季較高，夏季較低;各月鳥類數量變化以淡水溼地較為穩定，潮間帶差異最大，反應出冬候鳥的影響。不同調查地點的鳥類群聚亦不相同，其中慈湖與陵水湖為兩處鳥類豐富度較高的地區。調查期間共記錄43科177種鳥。本年度發現畫眉與栗背短腳鵯兩種新紀錄種，因此，目前金門地區鳥類名錄共為54科283種。
在鳥種-棲地對照表之建立方面，現有資料僅允許納入96種鳥，包括47種繁殖鳥與49種非繁殖鳥。此對照表乃一範例而已，用意在方展現此類管理工具的建立方法與用法;國家公園管理處需要不斷補充、更新相關資訊，對照表方能提供管理者正確的資訊以為決策之參考。
本研究亦比較了分類上相近鳥種之棲地利用模式，包括7種鷺科、6種鴨科、5種猛禽、3種秧雞科、2種鳩鴿科、2種鶯亞科、3種椋鳥科與4種翡翠科的鳥。結果顯示各科鳥種在棲地類型之利用上多半有所區隔，即便大尺度棲地利用上相似的鳥種，若能進一步做細部比較，應也有所區隔，例如翡翠科的斑魚狗與翠鳥，就在活動高度與停棲位置等微棲地利用上有相當的差異。
綜合本年度的研究心得，本報告共提出7點對國家公園經營管理之建議:1)增編浦邊海灘於國家公園範圍內;2)經營栗喉蜂虎繁殖地;3)增加玉章路之植物多樣性;4)溼地植物管理以部分不變為原則;5)儘量維護土堤之自然狀況;6)建立野生動物-棲地利用對照表;7)進行慈湖生態、土堤生態、夏候鳥與鷺鷥繁殖等主題之研究。
Abstract
This study has three objectives: 1) survey the avifauna of Chinmen National park, 2) construct a bird species-habitat matrix, and 3) make recommendations conceming the management and monitoring of bird resources within the park as well as future research needs.
This study lasted form September 1998 through June 1999. Field work was conducted monthly on 22 survey stations and along two transect lines.Additional surveys were conducted at other locations on irregular basis. Habitat was divided into five major types: fresh water wetland, salt marshes, inter-tidal zone, open woodland, and forest. The species, abundance, and habitat of each bird seen were recorded. Results showed that species composition varied form month to month, Wintering birds dominated in numbers, with the Common Cormorant (Pbalacrocorax carbo) and the European Wigeon (Anas penelope) the most numerous. Species diversity was high in spring autumn, and winter, but low in summer. Monthly variation in abundance was lowest for freshwater wetlands while highest for the inter-tidal region, which reflects the heavy use of winter migrants on the inter-tidal zone. The species composition of the survey stations differed. Tzu-hu and Ling-shui=hu had the highest species richness. All together, 177 species of birds in 43 families were seen, including two new records for Chinmen Islnad. These were the Huamei(Garrulax canorus)
And the Chestnut Bulbul (Hypsipetes castanonotus). With these sightings, the total avifauna for Chinmen is now 283 species in 54 families.
The habitat use of birds was compared for major species in 8 groups, including 7 egrets, 6 ducks, 5 diumal raptors, 3 rails, 2 doves, 2 warblers, 3 starlings, and 4 kingfishers. Results showed that there was habitat segregation for most of the species compared. For species that appeared to use the same combination of habitats, for example the Common Kingfisher (Alcedo attbis) and the lesser Pied Kingfisher (Ceryle rudis), there was still obvious habitat separation resulting form different foraging heights and perch locations.
Based on this study, 7 specific recommendations to the National Parks Office are present ed in this report: 1) Expand the National Park boundaries to include Pu-bien Coastal Area. 2) Find a suitable location within the Park to construct and manage a nesting habitat for the Blue-cheeked Bee Eater (Merops superciliosus). 3) Increase the plant species diversity along Yu-chang Road. 4) Maintain overall habitat stability when thinning marsh plants. 5) Avoid constructing cemented dikes to maintain ground nesting bird habitat. 6) Construct a wildlife species-habitat matrix as a management tool. 7) Conduct research on the ecology of Tzu-hu, the ecology of earthen dikes, the breeding biology of summer visitors, and verify the resident status of egrets on Chinmen.