金門哺乳動物相調查
金門自開放以來，環境面臨劇烈且快速的改變，這些改變對於金門地區生物資源的影響如何，需要監測加以確認。本計畫之目的，包括複查金門地區陸域哺乳動物之種類與分布狀況，同時針對一些在分類上有爭議之種類與其遺傳變異進行分析，並加強翼手目動物的調查，以為日後深入研究及金門哺乳動物保育與管理工作的基礎。
本計畫於 2003 年 4 至 11 月的調查共記錄到哺乳類 3 目 4 科 8 種，其中小黃腹鼠與臺灣地區的種類在外型與遺傳上均有所差異，東亞家蝠與台灣本島的東亞家蝠差異不大，松鼠則確定為赤腹松鼠；於奎閣紀錄到疑似高頭蝠的個體，需要進一步遺傳分析以確認種類。此外，本計畫亦分析 1993 年拾獲，遺傳組成與高頭蝠不同，可能為大黃蝠的個體。整合金門地區過去之調查研究文獻與本計畫之結果，共記錄到 4 目 6 科 11 屬 15 種哺乳動物。陸棲小獸類捕捉調查方面，在 4 個地點 9 個樹林類型棲地樣區中所捕獲的種類，以錢鼠和小黃腹鼠數量最多，與先前於農耕地捕獲的種類組成相似，顯示金門地區陸棲性小獸類組成以上述二物種為優勢。蝙蝠共記錄到3種，其中摺翅蝠和大黃蝠出現的樣點不多，東亞家蝠則是分佈較為普遍的種類。水獺排遺在前埔溪、金沙溪、慈湖、古崗湖出現相當頻繁，與近年來的調查結果相似，不過有些地區則在施工後不再見到水獺排遺，如蘭湖和白龍潭。初步遺傳分析共辨識出 22 隻水獺個體，連同 2001 年調查之結果，在金門共辨識出 60 隻個體。
金門地區的陸棲小獸類以小黃腹鼠與錢鼠數量最多，分布最為普遍，目前防檢疫單位有持續之捕捉監測計畫可反映當地陸棲小獸類的族群變化。蝙蝠由於調查不易，除在特定地點監測外，其餘種類需要長期資料的累積。水獺則可以持續追蹤其在各個調查樣點出沒的狀況，以監測其分布與相對數量的變動與各類干擾的影響。
關鍵字：金門、哺乳動物、陸棲性小獸類、蝙蝠、水獺
Abstract
The opening of Kinmen to tourism has changed the environment on the island rapidly, and the impact of environmental change on its biological resources needs to be monitored. The purpose of this project is to re-investigate the species and distribution of terrestrial mammals in Kinmen, particularly species of order Chiroptera. Additionally, genetic analysis was applied to clarify the taxonomic status of some species. Results of this project were expected to provide basic information for further research, conservation and management of mammalian fauna in Kinmen.
From April to November 2003, we recorded 8 mammal species (of 4 orders and 5 families). Genetic analysis revealed that the Rattus species in Kinman was more closely related to Rattus losea than to Rattus rattus; however, moderate genetic distance could be detected between R. losea from Kinmen and that from Taiwan. Pipistrellus abramus and squirrels inhabiting in Kinmen were genetically similar to P. abramus and Callosciurus erythraeus from Taiwan. Bats observed in Kui pavilion were suspected to be Scotophilus kuhlii, but its taxonomic status needed further analysis. A bat specimen collected in 1993 in Kinmen but examined in this project was genetically different from S. kuhlii and wad suspected to be S. heathii. Totally, at least 15 mammal species (of 4 orders and 6 families) have been recorded in Kinmen.
Small mammal trapping at 9 woodlots plots in 4 different locations revealed that Suncus murinus and Rattus losea were the most abundant species. The predominance of these 2 species occurred both at woodlots and agricultural fields in Kinmen. Miniopterus schreibersii and the presumable Scotophilus kuhlii were recorded only at one site in this study, whereas P. abramus are relatively more common in Kinmen.
We observed more spraints of Lutra lutra along Chienpu stream, Chinsha stream, Ci lake and Gugang lake, which were in accordance with results from former studies. However, otter spraints disappeared in some areas after construction. Preliminary genotyping analysis has recognized 22 otter individuals. In total, 60 otters have been recognized in Kinmen since the beginning of such analysis in 2001.
Our study suggests that population fluctuation of small mammals in Kinmen could be adequately represented by the ongoing monitoring of the Bureau of Animal and Plant Health Inspection and Quarantine. Long-term monitoring of bats at known roosting sites and continuous accumulation of information on new bat species, their distribution and abundance are needed for a better understanding of bat fauna in Kinmen. Continuous monitoring of occurrence and abundance of otter spraints at regular sampling sites are also needed to reveal the impact of human disturbance, conservation and management on this endangered species.
Key words: Kinman, mammal, genetic, bats, otters
本計畫於 2003 年 4 至 11 月的調查共記錄到哺乳類 3 目 4 科 8 種，其中小黃腹鼠與臺灣地區的種類在外型與遺傳上均有所差異，東亞家蝠與台灣本島的東亞家蝠差異不大，松鼠則確定為赤腹松鼠；於奎閣紀錄到疑似高頭蝠的個體，需要進一步遺傳分析以確認種類。此外，本計畫亦分析 1993 年拾獲，遺傳組成與高頭蝠不同，可能為大黃蝠的個體。整合金門地區過去之調查研究文獻與本計畫之結果，共記錄到 4 目 6 科 11 屬 15 種哺乳動物。陸棲小獸類捕捉調查方面，在 4 個地點 9 個樹林類型棲地樣區中所捕獲的種類，以錢鼠和小黃腹鼠數量最多，與先前於農耕地捕獲的種類組成相似，顯示金門地區陸棲性小獸類組成以上述二物種為優勢。蝙蝠共記錄到3種，其中摺翅蝠和大黃蝠出現的樣點不多，東亞家蝠則是分佈較為普遍的種類。水獺排遺在前埔溪、金沙溪、慈湖、古崗湖出現相當頻繁，與近年來的調查結果相似，不過有些地區則在施工後不再見到水獺排遺，如蘭湖和白龍潭。初步遺傳分析共辨識出 22 隻水獺個體，連同 2001 年調查之結果，在金門共辨識出 60 隻個體。
金門地區的陸棲小獸類以小黃腹鼠與錢鼠數量最多，分布最為普遍，目前防檢疫單位有持續之捕捉監測計畫可反映當地陸棲小獸類的族群變化。蝙蝠由於調查不易，除在特定地點監測外，其餘種類需要長期資料的累積。水獺則可以持續追蹤其在各個調查樣點出沒的狀況，以監測其分布與相對數量的變動與各類干擾的影響。
關鍵字：金門、哺乳動物、陸棲性小獸類、蝙蝠、水獺
Abstract
The opening of Kinmen to tourism has changed the environment on the island rapidly, and the impact of environmental change on its biological resources needs to be monitored. The purpose of this project is to re-investigate the species and distribution of terrestrial mammals in Kinmen, particularly species of order Chiroptera. Additionally, genetic analysis was applied to clarify the taxonomic status of some species. Results of this project were expected to provide basic information for further research, conservation and management of mammalian fauna in Kinmen.
From April to November 2003, we recorded 8 mammal species (of 4 orders and 5 families). Genetic analysis revealed that the Rattus species in Kinman was more closely related to Rattus losea than to Rattus rattus; however, moderate genetic distance could be detected between R. losea from Kinmen and that from Taiwan. Pipistrellus abramus and squirrels inhabiting in Kinmen were genetically similar to P. abramus and Callosciurus erythraeus from Taiwan. Bats observed in Kui pavilion were suspected to be Scotophilus kuhlii, but its taxonomic status needed further analysis. A bat specimen collected in 1993 in Kinmen but examined in this project was genetically different from S. kuhlii and wad suspected to be S. heathii. Totally, at least 15 mammal species (of 4 orders and 6 families) have been recorded in Kinmen.
Small mammal trapping at 9 woodlots plots in 4 different locations revealed that Suncus murinus and Rattus losea were the most abundant species. The predominance of these 2 species occurred both at woodlots and agricultural fields in Kinmen. Miniopterus schreibersii and the presumable Scotophilus kuhlii were recorded only at one site in this study, whereas P. abramus are relatively more common in Kinmen.
We observed more spraints of Lutra lutra along Chienpu stream, Chinsha stream, Ci lake and Gugang lake, which were in accordance with results from former studies. However, otter spraints disappeared in some areas after construction. Preliminary genotyping analysis has recognized 22 otter individuals. In total, 60 otters have been recognized in Kinmen since the beginning of such analysis in 2001.
Our study suggests that population fluctuation of small mammals in Kinmen could be adequately represented by the ongoing monitoring of the Bureau of Animal and Plant Health Inspection and Quarantine. Long-term monitoring of bats at known roosting sites and continuous accumulation of information on new bat species, their distribution and abundance are needed for a better understanding of bat fauna in Kinmen. Continuous monitoring of occurrence and abundance of otter spraints at regular sampling sites are also needed to reveal the impact of human disturbance, conservation and management on this endangered species.
Key words: Kinman, mammal, genetic, bats, otters