金門地區蝙蝠相調查研究
一、研究緣起
蝙蝠在生態系的角色十分重要，食蟲性蝙蝠可幫助控制昆蟲數量，包括一些農業與森林的害蟲；而食果蝙蝠則可為植物傳播花粉、散播種子。因此掌握一地區的蝙蝠種類組成，是進一步瞭解蝙蝠對該地區生態系功能的重要基礎。台灣已知蝙蝠計有五科三十二種以上，且新的蝙蝠物種持續在發現中。而金門鄰近中國大陸，出現的蝙蝠物種可能與台灣本島之物種不同，值得深入調查。此外，蝙蝠超音波回聲定位之音頻分析可輔助辨識種類，以彌補無法捕捉到蝙蝠以資辨識之窘境。因此本計畫擬蒐集金門蝙蝠回聲定位超音波之資料，建立金門蝙蝠超音波資料庫，以供後續調查之需。
二、研究方法及過程
1.本計畫第一季之工作重點是於金門、烈嶼地區選擇合適之樣區，並訪談當地居民蝙蝠可能之棲所，以利第二季之蝙蝠調查。
2.自二季起以霧網及豎琴網架設於適合之處，捕捉並辨識蝙蝠；探查蝙蝠較有可能作為棲所之碉堡、坑道與廢棄建築物等。
3.捕捉到之蝙蝠以蝙蝠翼環標識，以供後續追蹤及探討族群動態之用。
4.採集蝙蝠翼膜組織，以酒精保存，作為鑑種及親緣地理等研究之用。
5.以蝙蝠偵測器配合超音波蒐集器蒐集與分析蝙蝠超音波，以建立蝙蝠超音波資料庫。
三、重要發現
調查發現金門本島之人工建物如奎閣、延平郡王祠、太武山忠烈祠、山西北嶽廟、山后民俗文化村及珩厝民宅等地均有蝙蝠作為棲息之處，金門農試所中的建築及乳山遊客中心為蝙蝠夜棲所；部分棕櫚科植物亦有蝙蝠棲息利用。自95年4月迄11月，共計發現高頭蝠、東亞家蝠及大黃蝠等三種過去曾記錄於金門之物種外，另發現新紀錄種「絨山蝠」。烈嶼地區至今調查到東亞家蝠、摺翅蝠及高頭蝠共三種蝙蝠，亦記錄到絨山蝠超音波資料。包含過去的文獻資料印度犬果蝠及棕蝠，金門地區的蝙蝠總共計有二科七種。
四、建議事項
應針對已發現之蝙蝠物種及其相關棲息地實施保育措施。奎閣、南山林道、金門林務所及金門農工為高頭蝠重要棲息地，延平郡王祠有東亞家蝠棲息，乳山為新紀錄種絨山蝠之主要覓食、活動地，建議先就已知之地點規劃蝙蝠保育策略。
Abstract
Keyword: Kinmen, Chiroptera, bat, echolocation.
Introduction
Bats play an important role in ecosystem services. Insectivorous bats are important in controlling abundance of insects, including some agricultural and forest pests. Frugivorous bats may help plants via pollination and seed dispersal. There are 5 families and more than 32 species of bats in Taiwan. Kinmen is close to China, and may have bat species that are different from those of Taiwan. Bats use echolocation in searching for foods. Bats’ echolocation can be used for species identification which will facilitate bat survey. The purposes of this study are to investigate bat fauna and establish reference call databank of bat in Kinmen.
Methods
1.In the first season, we searched possible bat roosting sites and sampling sites in Kinmen and Liehyu and interviewed local people to gather information of potential bat habitat.
2.From the second season, we set mist net and harp trap to survey bats in the field and searched artificial forts, tunnels, and abandoned buildings which bats might use.
3.Bats were captured and marked for tracking and investigating population dynamic.
4.Membrane tissue was collected by punching bat wing for taxonomic and phylogenetic study.
5.Ultrasound of bats during echolocation was recorded by ANABATⅡ system to establish reference call database.
Results
We found bat used architecture as their roosts in Koxinga Shrine, Martyr's Shrine in Tai-Wu Mountain, Bei-Yue Temple in Shansi and Shanhou Folk Culture Village and so on. Some palm trees are used as bat roosts. In addition to Scotophilus kuhlii, Pipistrellus abramus and Scotophilus heathii, we found a new record species, i.e. Nyctalus velutinus. In Lieyu, we found Pipistrellus abramus, Miniopterus schreibersii and Scotophilus kuhlii and recorded echolocation of Nyctalus velutinus.
Suggestions
We recommend policies to protect bats species and their habitats should be in place. Kui-Ge in Jincheng Township, Nanshan Path, Kinmen forestry Bureau and National Kinmen Senior Vocational School are important roost sites of Scotophilus kuhlii; Koxinga Shrine building is important for Pipistrellus abramus; Nyctalus velutinus forage in Rushan. These are priority places to be considered.
蝙蝠在生態系的角色十分重要，食蟲性蝙蝠可幫助控制昆蟲數量，包括一些農業與森林的害蟲；而食果蝙蝠則可為植物傳播花粉、散播種子。因此掌握一地區的蝙蝠種類組成，是進一步瞭解蝙蝠對該地區生態系功能的重要基礎。台灣已知蝙蝠計有五科三十二種以上，且新的蝙蝠物種持續在發現中。而金門鄰近中國大陸，出現的蝙蝠物種可能與台灣本島之物種不同，值得深入調查。此外，蝙蝠超音波回聲定位之音頻分析可輔助辨識種類，以彌補無法捕捉到蝙蝠以資辨識之窘境。因此本計畫擬蒐集金門蝙蝠回聲定位超音波之資料，建立金門蝙蝠超音波資料庫，以供後續調查之需。
二、研究方法及過程
1.本計畫第一季之工作重點是於金門、烈嶼地區選擇合適之樣區，並訪談當地居民蝙蝠可能之棲所，以利第二季之蝙蝠調查。
2.自二季起以霧網及豎琴網架設於適合之處，捕捉並辨識蝙蝠；探查蝙蝠較有可能作為棲所之碉堡、坑道與廢棄建築物等。
3.捕捉到之蝙蝠以蝙蝠翼環標識，以供後續追蹤及探討族群動態之用。
4.採集蝙蝠翼膜組織，以酒精保存，作為鑑種及親緣地理等研究之用。
5.以蝙蝠偵測器配合超音波蒐集器蒐集與分析蝙蝠超音波，以建立蝙蝠超音波資料庫。
三、重要發現
調查發現金門本島之人工建物如奎閣、延平郡王祠、太武山忠烈祠、山西北嶽廟、山后民俗文化村及珩厝民宅等地均有蝙蝠作為棲息之處，金門農試所中的建築及乳山遊客中心為蝙蝠夜棲所；部分棕櫚科植物亦有蝙蝠棲息利用。自95年4月迄11月，共計發現高頭蝠、東亞家蝠及大黃蝠等三種過去曾記錄於金門之物種外，另發現新紀錄種「絨山蝠」。烈嶼地區至今調查到東亞家蝠、摺翅蝠及高頭蝠共三種蝙蝠，亦記錄到絨山蝠超音波資料。包含過去的文獻資料印度犬果蝠及棕蝠，金門地區的蝙蝠總共計有二科七種。
四、建議事項
應針對已發現之蝙蝠物種及其相關棲息地實施保育措施。奎閣、南山林道、金門林務所及金門農工為高頭蝠重要棲息地，延平郡王祠有東亞家蝠棲息，乳山為新紀錄種絨山蝠之主要覓食、活動地，建議先就已知之地點規劃蝙蝠保育策略。
Abstract
Keyword: Kinmen, Chiroptera, bat, echolocation.
Introduction
Bats play an important role in ecosystem services. Insectivorous bats are important in controlling abundance of insects, including some agricultural and forest pests. Frugivorous bats may help plants via pollination and seed dispersal. There are 5 families and more than 32 species of bats in Taiwan. Kinmen is close to China, and may have bat species that are different from those of Taiwan. Bats use echolocation in searching for foods. Bats’ echolocation can be used for species identification which will facilitate bat survey. The purposes of this study are to investigate bat fauna and establish reference call databank of bat in Kinmen.
Methods
1.In the first season, we searched possible bat roosting sites and sampling sites in Kinmen and Liehyu and interviewed local people to gather information of potential bat habitat.
2.From the second season, we set mist net and harp trap to survey bats in the field and searched artificial forts, tunnels, and abandoned buildings which bats might use.
3.Bats were captured and marked for tracking and investigating population dynamic.
4.Membrane tissue was collected by punching bat wing for taxonomic and phylogenetic study.
5.Ultrasound of bats during echolocation was recorded by ANABATⅡ system to establish reference call database.
Results
We found bat used architecture as their roosts in Koxinga Shrine, Martyr's Shrine in Tai-Wu Mountain, Bei-Yue Temple in Shansi and Shanhou Folk Culture Village and so on. Some palm trees are used as bat roosts. In addition to Scotophilus kuhlii, Pipistrellus abramus and Scotophilus heathii, we found a new record species, i.e. Nyctalus velutinus. In Lieyu, we found Pipistrellus abramus, Miniopterus schreibersii and Scotophilus kuhlii and recorded echolocation of Nyctalus velutinus.
Suggestions
We recommend policies to protect bats species and their habitats should be in place. Kui-Ge in Jincheng Township, Nanshan Path, Kinmen forestry Bureau and National Kinmen Senior Vocational School are important roost sites of Scotophilus kuhlii; Koxinga Shrine building is important for Pipistrellus abramus; Nyctalus velutinus forage in Rushan. These are priority places to be considered.