栗喉蜂虎生態棲地維護與保育
一、計畫源起
金門國家公園自2002年開始對栗喉蜂虎的繁殖生態學展開研究，以了解此物種的習性、行為，更進一步能夠提供保育的方針。我們在2002-2004年間栗喉蜂虎的研究中發現，環境持續變化，栗喉蜂虎的營巢棲地減少。因而計畫在國家公園境內尋找一處可以提供長久、穩定以及大型的營巢地點。2003年時開始在乳山教育中心後方施工營造一個穩定的營巢地。2003-2007年持續進行坡面整理，於2007年開始有蜂虎到乳山營巢地繁殖，2008年時最大量共42巢。今年我們對全島的栗喉蜂虎進行生殖族群普查，並在乳山進行整體性生物及非生物因子的調查，以期對金門栗喉蜂虎營巢的保育和經營策略擬定方針。
二、調查方法及過程
我們利用有活動的巢洞數推估並配合金門野鳥學會在夜棲點的調查，來估算金門島栗喉蜂虎的生殖族群數。我們使用霧網和巢口網進行生殖個體的捕捉和繫放，並利用外接針孔攝影機進行生殖監測。我們使用穿越線法調查乳山營巢地食物資源，藉由行為觀察瞭解食物來源以及使用方式。之後我們將乳山的土壤樣本帶回研究室，以吸管法分析此營巢地的土質。另外我們使用假蛇企圖驅趕機場營巢地內的生殖族群，並利用PVC管營造人工巢洞，觀察栗喉蜂虎是否會使用。
三、結果
（一）全島栗喉蜂虎生殖族群約為2000隻，分別位於至少21個營巢地。與往年生殖族群及夜棲地的調查數量比較，顯示了蜂虎今年在金門的整體族群量有減少的趨勢。
（二）繫放資料顯示，在青年農莊及田埔共繫放了84隻成鳥個體，其中包括31隻(36.9%)重複捕捉的個體，顯示了蜂虎具有高度的領域忠實性。
（三）全島栗喉蜂虎的生殖成功平均為30%，較往年為低。乳山營巢地今年共有14巢，生殖成功率為29%，共有20隻幼鳥離巢。青年農莊E為所監測的營巢地中，生殖成功率最高者，生殖成功率為65%。最低者為田埔果園，僅6%。此外機場滑行道末端土坡因為隔網破損造成土坡外露形成新的營巢地，約有100巢。
（四）乳山營巢地食物來源隨時期不同而有所變動，築巢期為營巢地內，育雛期為營巢地外。能辨識的食物種類以同翅目、蜻蛉目和鞘翅目為主。根據昆蟲量調查，營巢地前的苗圃以鱗翅目的蝴蝶為主。
（五）機場營巢地今年共繫放了189隻個體，其中成鳥143隻，幼鳥46隻。大量繫放期望來年能幫助追蹤栗喉蜂虎的播遷和營巢地選擇。
四、主要建議
（一）持續監測栗喉蜂虎在全島的營巢地分布、生殖族群量、生殖成功、夜棲點及夜棲數量。
（二）持續進行乳山坡面整理工作，並注意監測堆沙品質；同時種植長期輪作之作物，以避免人為干擾過於頻繁：另外生態水池亦可持續經營且擴充面積，以增加蜻蛉目之食物資源；以期吸引因金門棲地破壞，特別是昔果山因機場開發而播遷生殖的蜂虎族群。
（三）機場滑行道末端之生殖族群應在來年生殖季前期盡力驅逐，並在坡面鋪設障礙物（例如塑膠布），以期阻礙蜂虎在此聚集生殖。
（四）在其他地區，如慈湖附近之三角堡右側沙地上，以小成本的方式挖沙築堤（或營造亦有蓄水功能之水池），以形成新的蜂虎生殖坡面。另外在縣府地，如青青農場及林務所等過去已有蜂虎營巢之坡面，進行坡面除草整理，以吸引蜂虎再次前來。
ABSTRACT
Blue-tailed bee-eaters are summer migrants to Kinmen Island. Due to rapid development after the banning of Martial Law, there have been many new constructions and land usage changes at Kinmen, which had negative impacts on bee-eater breeding colonies. Beginning in 2003, the Kinmen National Park has launched a project to establishing a man-made new breeding slope near the Ru-Shan Education Center to provide a potential breeding site for bee-eaters. The objectives of this study were to survey the bee-eater breeding population size and distribution at Kinmen; to monitor the breeding success of the Ru-Shan, Youth Farm, and Tien-Pu colonies; and to survey the biological and abiological factors which might influence the breeding performance at the Ru-Shan colony. We used the active nests determination to estimate the breeding population at about 2,000 individuals among at least 21 colonies at Kinmen. This number was lower than in previous years. Among the 84 captured individuals from the Youth Farm and Tien-Pu colonies, 31 (36.9%) were recaptured from their original colonies indicating a strong site fidelity. Island wide breeding success was 30%, which was lower than in previous years. There were 14 nests from Ru-Shan with 20 fledglings with a breeding success of 29%. Youth Farm E had the highest breeding success (65%), however, Tien-Pu had the lowest success (6%). This year, found a new colony with at least 100 nests at the end of the Airport taxiway. In terms of the food resources in Ru-Shan, we found the food was sufficient during the early breeding season, but bee-eaters needed to forage outside Ru-Shan to feed the chicks in the late breeding season. We captured 189 bee-eaters including 143 adults and 46 juveniles at the Airport taxiway colony. Hopefully next year we will be able to monitor their breeding dispersal and natal dispersal. We suggest the breeding population of the bee-eaters at Kinmen be continuously monitored to restore the Ru-Shan breeding slope in order to accommodate bee-eaters from the habitat loss at the Shi-Kou-Shan colony near the airport. The Airport taxiway bee-eater colony will need to be expelled next year for it presents a potential problem for air safety. We also suggest that other bee-eater colonies, such as Chin-Chin Farm and Forest Bureau, be restored to attract bee-eaters to breed in future years.
金門國家公園自2002年開始對栗喉蜂虎的繁殖生態學展開研究，以了解此物種的習性、行為，更進一步能夠提供保育的方針。我們在2002-2004年間栗喉蜂虎的研究中發現，環境持續變化，栗喉蜂虎的營巢棲地減少。因而計畫在國家公園境內尋找一處可以提供長久、穩定以及大型的營巢地點。2003年時開始在乳山教育中心後方施工營造一個穩定的營巢地。2003-2007年持續進行坡面整理，於2007年開始有蜂虎到乳山營巢地繁殖，2008年時最大量共42巢。今年我們對全島的栗喉蜂虎進行生殖族群普查，並在乳山進行整體性生物及非生物因子的調查，以期對金門栗喉蜂虎營巢的保育和經營策略擬定方針。
二、調查方法及過程
我們利用有活動的巢洞數推估並配合金門野鳥學會在夜棲點的調查，來估算金門島栗喉蜂虎的生殖族群數。我們使用霧網和巢口網進行生殖個體的捕捉和繫放，並利用外接針孔攝影機進行生殖監測。我們使用穿越線法調查乳山營巢地食物資源，藉由行為觀察瞭解食物來源以及使用方式。之後我們將乳山的土壤樣本帶回研究室，以吸管法分析此營巢地的土質。另外我們使用假蛇企圖驅趕機場營巢地內的生殖族群，並利用PVC管營造人工巢洞，觀察栗喉蜂虎是否會使用。
三、結果
（一）全島栗喉蜂虎生殖族群約為2000隻，分別位於至少21個營巢地。與往年生殖族群及夜棲地的調查數量比較，顯示了蜂虎今年在金門的整體族群量有減少的趨勢。
（二）繫放資料顯示，在青年農莊及田埔共繫放了84隻成鳥個體，其中包括31隻(36.9%)重複捕捉的個體，顯示了蜂虎具有高度的領域忠實性。
（三）全島栗喉蜂虎的生殖成功平均為30%，較往年為低。乳山營巢地今年共有14巢，生殖成功率為29%，共有20隻幼鳥離巢。青年農莊E為所監測的營巢地中，生殖成功率最高者，生殖成功率為65%。最低者為田埔果園，僅6%。此外機場滑行道末端土坡因為隔網破損造成土坡外露形成新的營巢地，約有100巢。
（四）乳山營巢地食物來源隨時期不同而有所變動，築巢期為營巢地內，育雛期為營巢地外。能辨識的食物種類以同翅目、蜻蛉目和鞘翅目為主。根據昆蟲量調查，營巢地前的苗圃以鱗翅目的蝴蝶為主。
（五）機場營巢地今年共繫放了189隻個體，其中成鳥143隻，幼鳥46隻。大量繫放期望來年能幫助追蹤栗喉蜂虎的播遷和營巢地選擇。
四、主要建議
（一）持續監測栗喉蜂虎在全島的營巢地分布、生殖族群量、生殖成功、夜棲點及夜棲數量。
（二）持續進行乳山坡面整理工作，並注意監測堆沙品質；同時種植長期輪作之作物，以避免人為干擾過於頻繁：另外生態水池亦可持續經營且擴充面積，以增加蜻蛉目之食物資源；以期吸引因金門棲地破壞，特別是昔果山因機場開發而播遷生殖的蜂虎族群。
（三）機場滑行道末端之生殖族群應在來年生殖季前期盡力驅逐，並在坡面鋪設障礙物（例如塑膠布），以期阻礙蜂虎在此聚集生殖。
（四）在其他地區，如慈湖附近之三角堡右側沙地上，以小成本的方式挖沙築堤（或營造亦有蓄水功能之水池），以形成新的蜂虎生殖坡面。另外在縣府地，如青青農場及林務所等過去已有蜂虎營巢之坡面，進行坡面除草整理，以吸引蜂虎再次前來。
ABSTRACT
Blue-tailed bee-eaters are summer migrants to Kinmen Island. Due to rapid development after the banning of Martial Law, there have been many new constructions and land usage changes at Kinmen, which had negative impacts on bee-eater breeding colonies. Beginning in 2003, the Kinmen National Park has launched a project to establishing a man-made new breeding slope near the Ru-Shan Education Center to provide a potential breeding site for bee-eaters. The objectives of this study were to survey the bee-eater breeding population size and distribution at Kinmen; to monitor the breeding success of the Ru-Shan, Youth Farm, and Tien-Pu colonies; and to survey the biological and abiological factors which might influence the breeding performance at the Ru-Shan colony. We used the active nests determination to estimate the breeding population at about 2,000 individuals among at least 21 colonies at Kinmen. This number was lower than in previous years. Among the 84 captured individuals from the Youth Farm and Tien-Pu colonies, 31 (36.9%) were recaptured from their original colonies indicating a strong site fidelity. Island wide breeding success was 30%, which was lower than in previous years. There were 14 nests from Ru-Shan with 20 fledglings with a breeding success of 29%. Youth Farm E had the highest breeding success (65%), however, Tien-Pu had the lowest success (6%). This year, found a new colony with at least 100 nests at the end of the Airport taxiway. In terms of the food resources in Ru-Shan, we found the food was sufficient during the early breeding season, but bee-eaters needed to forage outside Ru-Shan to feed the chicks in the late breeding season. We captured 189 bee-eaters including 143 adults and 46 juveniles at the Airport taxiway colony. Hopefully next year we will be able to monitor their breeding dispersal and natal dispersal. We suggest the breeding population of the bee-eaters at Kinmen be continuously monitored to restore the Ru-Shan breeding slope in order to accommodate bee-eaters from the habitat loss at the Shi-Kou-Shan colony near the airport. The Airport taxiway bee-eater colony will need to be expelled next year for it presents a potential problem for air safety. We also suggest that other bee-eater colonies, such as Chin-Chin Farm and Forest Bureau, be restored to attract bee-eaters to breed in future years.