金門水鳥遷徙生態調查(二)
關鍵詞：水鳥遷徙、水鳥繫放、衛星追蹤、金門
一、研究緣起
金門地區的地理位置位於東亞地區鳥類遷徙的途徑上，加上較低的人口與開發密度，因此仍保有豐富的鳥類資源與多樣的棲息環境。水鳥在遷徙途中需要溼地來休息與覓食，金門的慈湖、浦邊、陵水湖等地區的濕地環境提供這些水鳥遷徙途中的休息站。本研究之目的，利用收集出現在金門的主要鳥種之生態、行為與遷徙路徑等基礎資料，來暸解金門對遷移性水鳥的重要性，以作為遷徙水鳥及其重要濕地生境保育策略擬定之參考。本年度工作重點包括進行水鳥族群調查、過境族群與足旗觀察、水鳥繫放與衛星發報器的標放工作。
二、研究方法及過程
研究工作包括春秋過境的鳥類調查（包含鳥種數量的計數調查、足旗個體觀察並記錄所停棲的棲地環境）與鳥類繫放等工作，調查時間配合當地的潮水時間，在大潮期的滿潮前後各4個小時內進行鳥類調查工作；水鳥繫放於傍晚進行架網，夜間進行繫放，所收集之資料再進行鳥種數量計算、加總等資料彙整，足旗資料與繫放回收資料的整理與回報，今年度並捕捉3隻杓鷸屬個體，進行衛星追蹤。
三、重要發現
於選定的調查樣區中，共計進行了35個工作天的鳥類調查與14次的水鳥繫放工作，共計觀察到10種59筆水鳥足旗記錄，並繫放了17種264隻次的水鳥。由過境期的調查發現，春過境重要的鳥種包括大濱鷸、鐵嘴鴴、翻石鷸、黃足鷸與紅胸濱鷸；秋過境主要鳥種為鐵嘴鴴、黃足鷸、反嘴鷸與翻石鷸。近年金門海與營造滿潮休息地是未來重要的建議工作項目。彙整金廈同步資料發現，比較金門地區數量豐度前五種優勢鳥種的族群資料，並無明顯族群在兩地消長的現象，過去也僅有一筆東方環頸鴴在金門標放，隔年飛到廈門的回收資料外，並無其他直接證據顯示金廈兩岸的族群有交流的情況。然而，最新的衛星追蹤資料顯示，編號W00與W02中杓鷸在標記後飛往廈門的小嶝島一帶與馬山東側的小島活動，未來將持續追蹤以獲得更多確切的資料。
ABSTRACT
Keywords：shorebird migration, shorebird banding, satillete tracking, Kinmen
Kinmen is located on the edge of Asian continent and also on the middle area of the East Asia Australian Flyway. Many resources of wildlife are abundant and different with Taiwan, especially in migratory shorebirds. Shorebirds migrate between breeding and wintering grounds annually and need different kinds of areas and habitats for their feeding and roosting sites. In order to get more knowledge of the importance of wetlands of Kinmen for the shorebirds during their migration in EAA flyway, we try to do surveys by counting, catching and banding shorebirds to collect data for conservation purpose.
In 2013, we conducted 35 days in bird counting surveys and 15 nights in shorebird banding works. We recorded 59 shorebirds with color flags in 10 species and caught 264 birds in 17 species. In spring migration season, the main populations of shorebird were great knots, greater sand plovers, ruddy turnstones, grey-tailed tattlers and red-necked stints. In autumn, the major migratory species were greater sand plover, gery-tailed tattler, terek sandpiper and ruddy turnstone. We caught three whimbrels for satellite tracking study during late October and early November. All of them put a satellite transmitter on their back and released them back to the field. From the tracking data, we found two of marked whimbrels did active around northwest of Kinmen island and small islands nearby Xiamen of mainland China.
Because of the results during the first two years of our projects, we propose some suggestions in three parts:
1. Studies:
It’s necessary to keep counting, banding, resighting and satellite tracking works. It’s also important to some breeding ecology of waterbirds because it’s still unclear in Kinmen area.
2. Habitat protection, management and improvement:
Because there are no enough habitats for high tide roosting in shorebirds, many shorebirds fly one site to the others and become nervous and unstable. We suggest to protect some area which birds have already used and also improve some new sites.
3. Cross-border cooperation:
In order to improve the knowledge of the migratory shorebirds, we need to keep cooperation with other study groups, especially in Xiamen, Shanghai Chongming Dongtan Bird Nature Reserve, Japan, and Birdlife Australia Broome Bird Observatory in next year.
一、研究緣起
金門地區的地理位置位於東亞地區鳥類遷徙的途徑上，加上較低的人口與開發密度，因此仍保有豐富的鳥類資源與多樣的棲息環境。水鳥在遷徙途中需要溼地來休息與覓食，金門的慈湖、浦邊、陵水湖等地區的濕地環境提供這些水鳥遷徙途中的休息站。本研究之目的，利用收集出現在金門的主要鳥種之生態、行為與遷徙路徑等基礎資料，來暸解金門對遷移性水鳥的重要性，以作為遷徙水鳥及其重要濕地生境保育策略擬定之參考。本年度工作重點包括進行水鳥族群調查、過境族群與足旗觀察、水鳥繫放與衛星發報器的標放工作。
二、研究方法及過程
研究工作包括春秋過境的鳥類調查（包含鳥種數量的計數調查、足旗個體觀察並記錄所停棲的棲地環境）與鳥類繫放等工作，調查時間配合當地的潮水時間，在大潮期的滿潮前後各4個小時內進行鳥類調查工作；水鳥繫放於傍晚進行架網，夜間進行繫放，所收集之資料再進行鳥種數量計算、加總等資料彙整，足旗資料與繫放回收資料的整理與回報，今年度並捕捉3隻杓鷸屬個體，進行衛星追蹤。
三、重要發現
於選定的調查樣區中，共計進行了35個工作天的鳥類調查與14次的水鳥繫放工作，共計觀察到10種59筆水鳥足旗記錄，並繫放了17種264隻次的水鳥。由過境期的調查發現，春過境重要的鳥種包括大濱鷸、鐵嘴鴴、翻石鷸、黃足鷸與紅胸濱鷸；秋過境主要鳥種為鐵嘴鴴、黃足鷸、反嘴鷸與翻石鷸。近年金門海與營造滿潮休息地是未來重要的建議工作項目。彙整金廈同步資料發現，比較金門地區數量豐度前五種優勢鳥種的族群資料，並無明顯族群在兩地消長的現象，過去也僅有一筆東方環頸鴴在金門標放，隔年飛到廈門的回收資料外，並無其他直接證據顯示金廈兩岸的族群有交流的情況。然而，最新的衛星追蹤資料顯示，編號W00與W02中杓鷸在標記後飛往廈門的小嶝島一帶與馬山東側的小島活動，未來將持續追蹤以獲得更多確切的資料。
ABSTRACT
Keywords：shorebird migration, shorebird banding, satillete tracking, Kinmen
Kinmen is located on the edge of Asian continent and also on the middle area of the East Asia Australian Flyway. Many resources of wildlife are abundant and different with Taiwan, especially in migratory shorebirds. Shorebirds migrate between breeding and wintering grounds annually and need different kinds of areas and habitats for their feeding and roosting sites. In order to get more knowledge of the importance of wetlands of Kinmen for the shorebirds during their migration in EAA flyway, we try to do surveys by counting, catching and banding shorebirds to collect data for conservation purpose.
In 2013, we conducted 35 days in bird counting surveys and 15 nights in shorebird banding works. We recorded 59 shorebirds with color flags in 10 species and caught 264 birds in 17 species. In spring migration season, the main populations of shorebird were great knots, greater sand plovers, ruddy turnstones, grey-tailed tattlers and red-necked stints. In autumn, the major migratory species were greater sand plover, gery-tailed tattler, terek sandpiper and ruddy turnstone. We caught three whimbrels for satellite tracking study during late October and early November. All of them put a satellite transmitter on their back and released them back to the field. From the tracking data, we found two of marked whimbrels did active around northwest of Kinmen island and small islands nearby Xiamen of mainland China.
Because of the results during the first two years of our projects, we propose some suggestions in three parts:
1. Studies:
It’s necessary to keep counting, banding, resighting and satellite tracking works. It’s also important to some breeding ecology of waterbirds because it’s still unclear in Kinmen area.
2. Habitat protection, management and improvement:
Because there are no enough habitats for high tide roosting in shorebirds, many shorebirds fly one site to the others and become nervous and unstable. We suggest to protect some area which birds have already used and also improve some new sites.
3. Cross-border cooperation:
In order to improve the knowledge of the migratory shorebirds, we need to keep cooperation with other study groups, especially in Xiamen, Shanghai Chongming Dongtan Bird Nature Reserve, Japan, and Birdlife Australia Broome Bird Observatory in next year.