金門水獺分布變遷與族群生態研究(1／3)
摘要
關鍵詞：金門、歐亞水獺、族群、分布
一、研究緣起
歐亞水獺是全球13種獺亞科動物之一，廣泛分布在歐亞大陸及許多近岸島嶼，但因受到棲地破壞、污染、獵捕等威脅，各地數量與分布均大幅下降，在我國已名列「野生動物保育法」之瀕臨絕種保育類動物。在台澎金馬及大陸沿海地區，歐亞水獺僅在金門有穩定族群，是故該地水獺族群之持續監測與保育對其在該區域內的存續極為重要。2003年至今，金門地區雖陸續有分區的歐亞水獺調查研究，但上次全境普查至今已近十年。因此本計畫對金門全境水獺之分布變遷與族群現況進行瞭解，研擬適當的策略及行動進行歐亞水獺的保育與棲地復育。
二、研究方法及過程
於2013年2月至11月間，每季至少一次調查金門與烈嶼各內陸水域歐亞水獺出沒的狀況，並視排遺的新鮮狀況，採集適量樣本。對於沿海地區，則參考過往調查曾發現水獺排遺的地點，進行一次沿岸調查。
三、重要發現
本年度共進行了4次調查內陸調查及1次沿海調查，共調查69處內陸水域，其中僅45處有水獺排遺和足跡。沿海地區共調查41處，其中16處有排遺。對照前人調查結果，金門各水域水獺的活動跡象較以往縮減且有分布破碎化的趨勢。
ABSTRACT
Keywords: Kinmen, Eurasian otter, population, distribution
1. Research objectives
Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) is one of the thirteen species of Lutrinae subfamily. It is widely distributed in Europe, Asia and many coastal islands. However, threats including habitats loss, pollution and poaching have caused decline of its range and population in many areas. Hence Eurasian otters has been categorized as endangered animal in “Wildlife Conservation Act” of Taiwan. Among inland and coastal areas of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu and southwest China, Kinmen is the only area with stable population of Eurasian otters. Therefore, conservation and continuous monitoring are critical for the persistence of this species in this region. Although there have been several studies of otters in parts of Kinmen county since 2003, the last census of the whole county was nearly a decade ago. Thus, the objectives of this project are to understand the status as well as change in distribution of the otter population in Kinmen and to develop appropriate management and conservation strategies.
2. Research methods and processes
Inland waters of Kinmen and Lieyu were visited once every season from February to November 2013 and presence or absence of otter signs was recorded at each site. Fresh spraints in good condition were collected for further analysis. Sites along coastal area, which had been surveyed in previous reports were also surveyed.
3. Major findings
A four season survey was conducted for inland water sites. Among 69 sample sites of inland waters surveyed, spraints and tracks were recorded at 45 sites. Along coastal area 41 sites were examined and spraints were recorded at 16 of them. The results show that the distribution of otters in Kimen has reduced and become more fragmented than that of previous surveys.
關鍵詞：金門、歐亞水獺、族群、分布
一、研究緣起
歐亞水獺是全球13種獺亞科動物之一，廣泛分布在歐亞大陸及許多近岸島嶼，但因受到棲地破壞、污染、獵捕等威脅，各地數量與分布均大幅下降，在我國已名列「野生動物保育法」之瀕臨絕種保育類動物。在台澎金馬及大陸沿海地區，歐亞水獺僅在金門有穩定族群，是故該地水獺族群之持續監測與保育對其在該區域內的存續極為重要。2003年至今，金門地區雖陸續有分區的歐亞水獺調查研究，但上次全境普查至今已近十年。因此本計畫對金門全境水獺之分布變遷與族群現況進行瞭解，研擬適當的策略及行動進行歐亞水獺的保育與棲地復育。
二、研究方法及過程
於2013年2月至11月間，每季至少一次調查金門與烈嶼各內陸水域歐亞水獺出沒的狀況，並視排遺的新鮮狀況，採集適量樣本。對於沿海地區，則參考過往調查曾發現水獺排遺的地點，進行一次沿岸調查。
三、重要發現
本年度共進行了4次調查內陸調查及1次沿海調查，共調查69處內陸水域，其中僅45處有水獺排遺和足跡。沿海地區共調查41處，其中16處有排遺。對照前人調查結果，金門各水域水獺的活動跡象較以往縮減且有分布破碎化的趨勢。
ABSTRACT
Keywords: Kinmen, Eurasian otter, population, distribution
1. Research objectives
Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) is one of the thirteen species of Lutrinae subfamily. It is widely distributed in Europe, Asia and many coastal islands. However, threats including habitats loss, pollution and poaching have caused decline of its range and population in many areas. Hence Eurasian otters has been categorized as endangered animal in “Wildlife Conservation Act” of Taiwan. Among inland and coastal areas of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu and southwest China, Kinmen is the only area with stable population of Eurasian otters. Therefore, conservation and continuous monitoring are critical for the persistence of this species in this region. Although there have been several studies of otters in parts of Kinmen county since 2003, the last census of the whole county was nearly a decade ago. Thus, the objectives of this project are to understand the status as well as change in distribution of the otter population in Kinmen and to develop appropriate management and conservation strategies.
2. Research methods and processes
Inland waters of Kinmen and Lieyu were visited once every season from February to November 2013 and presence or absence of otter signs was recorded at each site. Fresh spraints in good condition were collected for further analysis. Sites along coastal area, which had been surveyed in previous reports were also surveyed.
3. Major findings
A four season survey was conducted for inland water sites. Among 69 sample sites of inland waters surveyed, spraints and tracks were recorded at 45 sites. Along coastal area 41 sites were examined and spraints were recorded at 16 of them. The results show that the distribution of otters in Kimen has reduced and become more fragmented than that of previous surveys.