金門城，昔稱「金門守禦千戶所城」，係明代朱元璋為海防之需，令江夏侯周德興建造之軍事城堡，是衛所制度的一環。這座軍事城堡的創建是從洪武二十年（1387年）四月規劃擇址起，到二十一年二月大體完工，距今已有六百一十餘年。初建時基廣一丈，城高一丈七尺，含城垛二丈二尺。明永樂十五年，都指揮谷祥，增高三尺，築西北南三月城，各建樓於其上。明中葉以後，金門城人口繁多、商業興盛，是其發展之全盛時期，今日北門外仍留有一條老街，見證昔日之繁華。金門城的沒落，則因於明鄭與清廷的對抗，清軍兩度入金，再加上清總兵陳龍於康熙二十一年（1682年）遷治後浦（今金城），遂使金門城失去了軍政經中心的地位，退化成一般的聚落。民國三十八年的戰事，國軍將金門城牆石材移作工事，城門及城牆遂墟，僅存夯土及部分基礎砌石遺址。民國四十一年，金門酒廠的前身「九龍江酒廠」選定金門城南門外「寶月古泉」，策劃釀造。隨著金門高粱酒名揚四海，金門城又成為島上著名的產業重鎮與觀光勝地。

相較同時期惠安崇武城，金門城皆為福建沿海的千戶所城，經實際考察測繪，保存完好的崇武城牆，其形制與規模大致與金門城相同，可作為金門城牆未來修復的參考。本研究針對目前不同情況的各牆段，提出較為妥善的修護、保存及再利用方向。初期階段將針對東門連接到南門文臺寶塔附近的牆段進行復原修護，採用洪武年間的城牆規模，其他牆段則以殘蹟保存的方式處理，並適度引入解說，期能恢復歷史城鎮的風貌。

關鍵詞：金門城、衛所制度、歷史保存、城牆修護

Abstract

This research project will examine the social and spatial change in Jinmencheng （金門城）, Fujian during the Ming and Qing dynasties by drawing on official documents, local gazetteers, genealogy books, and field data. First, I discuss the political and spatial dimensions of the Weisuo system （衛所制度） in the early Ming dynasty and the process of constructing outposts for coastal defense in Fujina. Second, I focus on the construction of Jinmencheng as part of the coastal defense scheme and its implications. Finally, the decline of the Weisuo system led to the transformation of military towns. As a result, Jinmencheng gradually turned into a lineage dominated town. The Evacuation policy, which forcing the residents of the coastal area, including those in Quemoy （Kinmen, Jinmen）, to move inland as a strategy to counterattack Koxinga （鄭成功）, was the last straw to break the camel’s back. The implementation of forced evacuation scorched Jinmencheng. In consequence, the political center was switched to Houpu（後浦）later on, and the castle of Ming dynasty declined finally.

In 1949, Quemoy became a battlefield between KMT and CCP（Chinese Communist Party）.The KMT’s army moved the stone walls of Jinmencheng to build the military facilities, and left the middle soil layer. Afterwards, the outside area of south gate established the factory of kaoliang liquor（高梁酒） 1952. Jinmencheng turn into an industrial center and tourist attraction.

One the one hand this research project sheds light on the evolution of a military town and on the construction of villages and towns in the coastal area since the Ming, on the other hand we will study the historical form, materials and construction of the walled city, and to provide an important basis for historic preservation and rebuilding project in future. Specially, we will study the restoration plan for the east wall, and then to provide preservation plan for north, west and south walls.

Keywords：Jinmencheng, Weisuo system, Historic preservation, Wall restoration.