金門移民適應與遷移調查研究(史前期)
一、研究緣起
本研究的主題為以金門地區的史前時代的考古資料為主，透過金門的復國墩、金龜山遺址出土文化遺物、遺跡建構復國墩遺存的文化內涵，並與同時期鄰近的文化體系，包括台灣的大坌坑文化、福建的殼丘頭遺址下層和曇石山遺址下層遺存、浙江的河姆渡文化、廣東的大灣文化等進行比較研究，以討論亞洲大陸東南沿海與台灣的史前文化之間的可能文化關係和互動情形。雖然學者們多次提及上述幾個地區的可能文化類緣，但是針對上述幾個地區的器物之製成、形制和組成等之細密的比較研究，卻至今尚未真正展開。筆者們認為在主張大區域的文化類緣之前，必須先基於有意義的比較研究之結果。因此本文擬進行金門復國墩遺存和台灣的大坌坑文化、大陸東南沿海地區的同時期各遺存之全面性的比較研究，以掌握各區域間之異同，再根據此比較研究的結果，提出這些區域的可能文化類緣關係。
二、研究方法及過程
本計畫乃以金門地區和中國大陸東南沿海、台灣等地區的既有考古調查研究的成果為基礎，基於明確的問題意識，以進一步探討史前時期的文化類緣和文化互動的可能狀況。
主要的研究方法和過程如下：
1.資料蒐集：針對上述各區域史前時代的相關資料，包括考古學、古環境等相關學科的研究成果進行蒐集，區域除了金門以外，並包括澎湖群島、台灣本島，中國大陸沿海的浙江、福建、廣東、深圳、香港等地。
2.針對重點遺址或區域進行再調查、採集標本、記錄遺址的保存狀態。
3.資料分析並進行區域間的史前文化遺留之比較研究，以建立這個廣大的空間內的史前文化架構和可能的文化類緣關係。
4.基於上述的研究成果，以對目前學界的既有理解進行檢討，並提出有關人群移動的進一步看法。
三、重要發現
本文透過文化內涵與年代之比較研究，指出：
1.復國墩遺存可以稱為復國墩文化，其年代大致在距今8,000~5,800年前，生活型態以採集、漁獵為主，農業並不明顯。可歸屬於華南的新石器時代早期文化，大坌坑文化、殼丘頭下層類型，年代較復國墩文化晚，內涵亦有差異，當屬不同文化體系。
2.向上追溯至大坌坑文化的南島民族祖先型文化，可能進一步推早至距今七、八千年前，在亞洲大陸東南沿海的復國墩文化。
3.曇石山下層、殼丘頭下層以及大坌坑文化具有浙江河姆渡文化要素，亦具珠江三角洲大灣文化要素，顯示彼此之間當有往來關係。
四、主要建議事項
根據上述調查結果，筆者等分別提出下列立即可行的具體建議及中長期建議如下：
1.建議一：立即可行建議－保謢復國墩和金龜山遺址，避免遭受進一步的破壞
(1)本計畫進行金門地區遺址調查之際，發現金龜山遺址周邊開發極甚，部分遺址已遭受人為嚴重的破壞；加上裸露的斜坡增多，土石流等可能進一步破壞本遺跡，因此應進行更詳細之記錄和保護措施。
(2)復國墩遺址在本年度調查之際，雖多為雜草所覆，破壞較小，但應明確界定遺址分布範圍，進一步約束並防止附近民家的耕種、建屋或道路開發等造成遺址的破壞。
(3)應繼續金門地區的考古調查研究。
2.建議二：中長期建議－指定復國墩和金龜山遺址為古蹟，對兩遺址進行較大規模的發掘和研究工作，以進一步釐清兩遺址的文化內涵並設立遺址公園或文物館。
復國墩和金龜山遺址為目前金門地區僅見的兩個年代最早的考古遺址，但兩遺址至今僅經過調查和小規模的試掘，考古資料量並不多，建議未來將兩遺址指定為重要遺址，籌措經費對兩遺址進行較大規模的發掘研究工作，並透過遺址公園或文物館的成立，以達到學術研究和社會教育的目的。
Abstract
First , stude the motive
The theme of this research, in order to take archaeological materials of the prehistoric age of the area of Jinmen as the core, build and construct the cultural intension which replies Fu-kuo-tun site and Jin-kei-san site unearthed culture relic , trace of Jinmen, and and the neighbouring cultural system in the corresponding period, including the Ta-pen-keng culture of Taiwan, Ke-chiu-tou of Fujien, Ho-mu-tu culture of Zhejian, Ta-wan culture of Guangdong etc. and carry on comparative research, in order to discuss Asia to be mainland southeast coastal with possible cultural relation of prehistoric culture of Taiwan becoming excited the shape each other. Though the scholars mention the possible culture reason of above-mentioned several areas many times, but has not really launched yet so far. Authors think before advocating the culture reason of the large area , must first on the basis of meaningful comparative result of research. So this text is it carry on Jinmen Fu-kuo-tun culture and Ta-pen-keng culture, mainland southeast corresponding period all comparative research of comprehension of remains of coastal area, in order to grasp the similarities and differences among every area, and then according to this result that relatively studies, propose the possible culture reason relation of these areas.
Second , research approach and course
This plan is that have already there is achievement that has made investigations of archaeological studies as the foundation with the area and southeast coastal area , Taiwan ,etc. the area of China's Mainland of Jinmen, on the basis of clear problem consciousness, in order to probe into the culture possible state with interdynamic reason and culture of prehistoric period further. Main research approach and course are as follows:
1.The materials are collected : To the relevant materials of above-mentioned all regional prehistoric ages, including the research results in such relevant disciplines as archaeology , ancient environment ,etc. are collected , the area includes archipelago , this island of Taiwan of Penghu, coastal Zhejiang , Fujian , Guangdong , Shenzhen , Hong Kong and other places of China's Mainland besides Jinmen.
2.Carry on the investigation again , gather the save state of samples , record site to the key site or area.
3.Analysis carries on the comparative research that the prehistoric culture among the areas leaves over, in order to establish prehistoric culture structure and possible culture reason relation in this vast space.
4.On the basis of the above-mentioned research results, by already to educational circles at present understanding that makes a self-criticism , put forward the further view that relevant crowds move.
Third, important discovery
The Fu-kuo-tun cultural remain includes the discovered relics of Fu-kuo-tun and Jin-kei-san sites which are the important representative of the Ta-peng-keng Culture defined by Kwang-chih Chang in the southeast coastal region of Asia continent. This article through the comparative research of cultural intension and chronology points out :
Fu-kuo-tun remains can be called Fu-kuo-tun Culture, its age analysis is roughly 8,000~5,800 B.P. The subsistence mainly on gathering, fishing and hunting; agriculture is not obvious. It can belong to Ta-peng-keng culture of early Neolithic Age of South China, Ke-chiu-tou lower layer phase, its chronology rather late with Fu-kuo-tun culture, their cultural intension also difference, both are different cultural systems.
Trace back to the Austronesian ancestor type culture of Ta-peng-keng can be early to 7,000~8,000 B.P.; and the Fu-kuo-tun culture in the southeast coast of the Asia continent.
The lower layer of Tan-shih-san, the lower layer of Ke-chiu-tou, and Ta-peng-keng cultures have main elements of the Ho-mu-du culture in Zhejiang province, and the main element of Ta-wan culture in the delta of Chu river in Guangdong province as well, show the relationship within each other.
Fourth, propose the item mainly
According to above-mentioned investigation results, authors put forward the following immediately feasible concrete suggestions respectively and propose as follows in midium or long term:
1.Propose one: Propose feasibly immediately - Protect the Fu-kuo-tun and Jin-kei-san site, avoid suffering further destruction
Sponsor the organ : National park administration office of Jinmen
(1)When this plan carried on the site investigation of area of Jinmen, finding Jin-kei-san site was extremely developed in site perimeter on the mountain, some part of this site has already suffered artificial and serious destruction; In addition, increase in the uncovered slope, the stone may destroy a trace to flow etc. further in the land , so should carry on more detailed record and protection .
(2) Fu-kuo-tun site in the country at the time of investigating in the current year, many covered by weeds , being relatively light destruction, should define site distribute range , restrain from and prevent from nearby the people house not to cultivate , build room or road not to is it lead to the fact the destruction of the site to develop etc. further.
(3)Make investigations in archaeological studies that should continue the area of Jinmen .
2.Propose two: Propose in midium or long term - carry on extensive exploration and research work to Fu-kuo-tun and Jin-kei-san sites, in order to distinguish the cultural intension of two sites and set up site park or the historical relic hall further
Sponsor the organ : National park administration office of Jinmen
Fu-kuo-tun and Jin-kei-san sites are the earliest archaeological sites of Jinmen, proposing future and appointing two sites as the historic site, raising the funds will carry on more extensive exploration research work to two sites, and through the establishment of the site park or the historical relic hall, in order to the purpose to achieve academic research and social education.
本研究的主題為以金門地區的史前時代的考古資料為主，透過金門的復國墩、金龜山遺址出土文化遺物、遺跡建構復國墩遺存的文化內涵，並與同時期鄰近的文化體系，包括台灣的大坌坑文化、福建的殼丘頭遺址下層和曇石山遺址下層遺存、浙江的河姆渡文化、廣東的大灣文化等進行比較研究，以討論亞洲大陸東南沿海與台灣的史前文化之間的可能文化關係和互動情形。雖然學者們多次提及上述幾個地區的可能文化類緣，但是針對上述幾個地區的器物之製成、形制和組成等之細密的比較研究，卻至今尚未真正展開。筆者們認為在主張大區域的文化類緣之前，必須先基於有意義的比較研究之結果。因此本文擬進行金門復國墩遺存和台灣的大坌坑文化、大陸東南沿海地區的同時期各遺存之全面性的比較研究，以掌握各區域間之異同，再根據此比較研究的結果，提出這些區域的可能文化類緣關係。
二、研究方法及過程
本計畫乃以金門地區和中國大陸東南沿海、台灣等地區的既有考古調查研究的成果為基礎，基於明確的問題意識，以進一步探討史前時期的文化類緣和文化互動的可能狀況。
主要的研究方法和過程如下：
1.資料蒐集：針對上述各區域史前時代的相關資料，包括考古學、古環境等相關學科的研究成果進行蒐集，區域除了金門以外，並包括澎湖群島、台灣本島，中國大陸沿海的浙江、福建、廣東、深圳、香港等地。
2.針對重點遺址或區域進行再調查、採集標本、記錄遺址的保存狀態。
3.資料分析並進行區域間的史前文化遺留之比較研究，以建立這個廣大的空間內的史前文化架構和可能的文化類緣關係。
4.基於上述的研究成果，以對目前學界的既有理解進行檢討，並提出有關人群移動的進一步看法。
三、重要發現
本文透過文化內涵與年代之比較研究，指出：
1.復國墩遺存可以稱為復國墩文化，其年代大致在距今8,000~5,800年前，生活型態以採集、漁獵為主，農業並不明顯。可歸屬於華南的新石器時代早期文化，大坌坑文化、殼丘頭下層類型，年代較復國墩文化晚，內涵亦有差異，當屬不同文化體系。
2.向上追溯至大坌坑文化的南島民族祖先型文化，可能進一步推早至距今七、八千年前，在亞洲大陸東南沿海的復國墩文化。
3.曇石山下層、殼丘頭下層以及大坌坑文化具有浙江河姆渡文化要素，亦具珠江三角洲大灣文化要素，顯示彼此之間當有往來關係。
四、主要建議事項
根據上述調查結果，筆者等分別提出下列立即可行的具體建議及中長期建議如下：
1.建議一：立即可行建議－保謢復國墩和金龜山遺址，避免遭受進一步的破壞
(1)本計畫進行金門地區遺址調查之際，發現金龜山遺址周邊開發極甚，部分遺址已遭受人為嚴重的破壞；加上裸露的斜坡增多，土石流等可能進一步破壞本遺跡，因此應進行更詳細之記錄和保護措施。
(2)復國墩遺址在本年度調查之際，雖多為雜草所覆，破壞較小，但應明確界定遺址分布範圍，進一步約束並防止附近民家的耕種、建屋或道路開發等造成遺址的破壞。
(3)應繼續金門地區的考古調查研究。
2.建議二：中長期建議－指定復國墩和金龜山遺址為古蹟，對兩遺址進行較大規模的發掘和研究工作，以進一步釐清兩遺址的文化內涵並設立遺址公園或文物館。
復國墩和金龜山遺址為目前金門地區僅見的兩個年代最早的考古遺址，但兩遺址至今僅經過調查和小規模的試掘，考古資料量並不多，建議未來將兩遺址指定為重要遺址，籌措經費對兩遺址進行較大規模的發掘研究工作，並透過遺址公園或文物館的成立，以達到學術研究和社會教育的目的。
Abstract
First , stude the motive
The theme of this research, in order to take archaeological materials of the prehistoric age of the area of Jinmen as the core, build and construct the cultural intension which replies Fu-kuo-tun site and Jin-kei-san site unearthed culture relic , trace of Jinmen, and and the neighbouring cultural system in the corresponding period, including the Ta-pen-keng culture of Taiwan, Ke-chiu-tou of Fujien, Ho-mu-tu culture of Zhejian, Ta-wan culture of Guangdong etc. and carry on comparative research, in order to discuss Asia to be mainland southeast coastal with possible cultural relation of prehistoric culture of Taiwan becoming excited the shape each other. Though the scholars mention the possible culture reason of above-mentioned several areas many times, but has not really launched yet so far. Authors think before advocating the culture reason of the large area , must first on the basis of meaningful comparative result of research. So this text is it carry on Jinmen Fu-kuo-tun culture and Ta-pen-keng culture, mainland southeast corresponding period all comparative research of comprehension of remains of coastal area, in order to grasp the similarities and differences among every area, and then according to this result that relatively studies, propose the possible culture reason relation of these areas.
Second , research approach and course
This plan is that have already there is achievement that has made investigations of archaeological studies as the foundation with the area and southeast coastal area , Taiwan ,etc. the area of China's Mainland of Jinmen, on the basis of clear problem consciousness, in order to probe into the culture possible state with interdynamic reason and culture of prehistoric period further. Main research approach and course are as follows:
1.The materials are collected : To the relevant materials of above-mentioned all regional prehistoric ages, including the research results in such relevant disciplines as archaeology , ancient environment ,etc. are collected , the area includes archipelago , this island of Taiwan of Penghu, coastal Zhejiang , Fujian , Guangdong , Shenzhen , Hong Kong and other places of China's Mainland besides Jinmen.
2.Carry on the investigation again , gather the save state of samples , record site to the key site or area.
3.Analysis carries on the comparative research that the prehistoric culture among the areas leaves over, in order to establish prehistoric culture structure and possible culture reason relation in this vast space.
4.On the basis of the above-mentioned research results, by already to educational circles at present understanding that makes a self-criticism , put forward the further view that relevant crowds move.
Third, important discovery
The Fu-kuo-tun cultural remain includes the discovered relics of Fu-kuo-tun and Jin-kei-san sites which are the important representative of the Ta-peng-keng Culture defined by Kwang-chih Chang in the southeast coastal region of Asia continent. This article through the comparative research of cultural intension and chronology points out :
Fu-kuo-tun remains can be called Fu-kuo-tun Culture, its age analysis is roughly 8,000~5,800 B.P. The subsistence mainly on gathering, fishing and hunting; agriculture is not obvious. It can belong to Ta-peng-keng culture of early Neolithic Age of South China, Ke-chiu-tou lower layer phase, its chronology rather late with Fu-kuo-tun culture, their cultural intension also difference, both are different cultural systems.
Trace back to the Austronesian ancestor type culture of Ta-peng-keng can be early to 7,000~8,000 B.P.; and the Fu-kuo-tun culture in the southeast coast of the Asia continent.
The lower layer of Tan-shih-san, the lower layer of Ke-chiu-tou, and Ta-peng-keng cultures have main elements of the Ho-mu-du culture in Zhejiang province, and the main element of Ta-wan culture in the delta of Chu river in Guangdong province as well, show the relationship within each other.
Fourth, propose the item mainly
According to above-mentioned investigation results, authors put forward the following immediately feasible concrete suggestions respectively and propose as follows in midium or long term:
1.Propose one: Propose feasibly immediately - Protect the Fu-kuo-tun and Jin-kei-san site, avoid suffering further destruction
Sponsor the organ : National park administration office of Jinmen
(1)When this plan carried on the site investigation of area of Jinmen, finding Jin-kei-san site was extremely developed in site perimeter on the mountain, some part of this site has already suffered artificial and serious destruction; In addition, increase in the uncovered slope, the stone may destroy a trace to flow etc. further in the land , so should carry on more detailed record and protection .
(2) Fu-kuo-tun site in the country at the time of investigating in the current year, many covered by weeds , being relatively light destruction, should define site distribute range , restrain from and prevent from nearby the people house not to cultivate , build room or road not to is it lead to the fact the destruction of the site to develop etc. further.
(3)Make investigations in archaeological studies that should continue the area of Jinmen .
2.Propose two: Propose in midium or long term - carry on extensive exploration and research work to Fu-kuo-tun and Jin-kei-san sites, in order to distinguish the cultural intension of two sites and set up site park or the historical relic hall further
Sponsor the organ : National park administration office of Jinmen
Fu-kuo-tun and Jin-kei-san sites are the earliest archaeological sites of Jinmen, proposing future and appointing two sites as the historic site, raising the funds will carry on more extensive exploration research work to two sites, and through the establishment of the site park or the historical relic hall, in order to the purpose to achieve academic research and social education.