金門移民適應與遷移調查研究(史前後期)
一、研究緣起
本計畫的研究主旨為，透過金門地區史前時代後期和同時期台灣與中國東南沿海地區的考古資料，來探討這個時期人群在金門地區可能的適應與遷移行為。金門的史前時代後期主要指，以浦邊、后豐港、金龜山遺址上層和青岐遺址所代表的新石器時代的文化樣相，其年代約在4,000-3,500 B.P.。本階段金門地區的浦邊遺址、后豐港遺址、金龜山遺址上層均已有初步的試掘研究；而周邊的台灣和中國東南沿海的福建、浙江、廣東等地之史前文化的研究也累積相當豐富的研究成果，相信在明確的問題意識之下，對基礎的調查和發掘報告資料進行再解讀和比較研究，可以進一步掌握物質遺留背後的人類行為。
二、研究方法及過程
本計畫乃以金門地區和中國大陸東南沿海、台灣等地區的既有考古調查研究的成果為基礎，基於明確的問題意識，以進一步探討史前時期的文化類緣和文化互動的可能狀況。主要的研究方法和過程如下：
1、資料蒐集：針對上述各區域史前時代的相關資料，包括考古學、古環境等相關學科的研究成果進行蒐集，區域除了金門以外，並包括澎湖群島、台灣本島，中國大陸沿海的浙江、福建、廣東，和菲律賓北部、日本八重山群島等地。
2、針對重點遺址或區域進行再調查、採集標本、記錄遺址的保存狀態。
3、資料分析並進行區域間的史前文化遺留之比較研究，以建立這個廣大的空間內的史前文化架構和可能的文化類緣關係。
4、基於上述的研究成果，以對目前學界的既有理解進行檢討，並提出有關人群移動的進一步看法。
三、重要發現
本文透過文化內涵與年代之比較研究，指出：
金門地區的浦邊類型的遺留，應為閩江口的庄邊山上層類型的史前人類之小規模移居金門所造成。而促使庄邊山上層類型的人們移居金門的原因，可能與當時發生的海進所造成的居地緊縮有關。而從浦邊類型陶器獨特的平行修整痕，亦多見於珠江口寶鏡灣遺址看來，當時可能亦有少數的珠江口史前人類移居金門，而與從閩江口移來的庄邊山上層類型的人們共同居住，進而在金門島內發展成為獨具特色的浦邊類型。
四、主要建議事項
根據本年度的研究結果，提出以下之立即可行的具體建議和中長期建議：
1、建議一：立即可行建議－保護青岐、浦邊、后豐港和金龜山遺址，避免受到進一步的破壞。
主辦機關：金門縣政府
協辦機關：金門國家公園管理處
(1)本計畫進行金門地區調查之際，發現上述各遺址受到人為開發、耕作，和裸露土層因雨水等所造成的土層崩塌等現象，使得重要的文化資產遭受相當大的破壞，因此除了進行更詳細的紀錄和研究工作外，必須知會金門縣政府上述各遺址的重要性，立即依文化資產保存法執行必要的保護措施，以避免遺址受到進一步的破壞。
(2)教育當地民眾考古遺址的重要性。
(3)持續進行金門地區的考古調查研究。
2、建議二：中長期建議－指定浦邊、后豐港和青岐遺址為縣定遺址。其中可對浦邊遺址進行較大規模的發掘和研究工作，並根據出土遺物、遺跡，規劃設置浦邊遺址公園或文物館，以達到學術研究和社會教育的目的。
主辦機關：金門縣政府
協辦機關：金門國家公園管理處
Abstract
Keywords: Pu-pian Phase; Chuang-pian-shan Upper Phase; Pao-ching-wan Site; Sea Transgression
I. Goals
This project explores later prehistoric adaptation and migration in Kingmen area through the analysis of the archaeological record from Kingmen, Taiwan and Southeast China. The later prehistoric stage of Kingmen refers to a time between 4,000 to 3,500 BP, which is represented by Neolithic cultures including Pu-pian, Hou-feng-kang, upper layer of Chin-kuei-shan and Site Ching-chi. Preliminary test excavations have been undertaken on sites Pu-pian, Hou-feng-kang and upper layer of Chin-kuei-shan. Also, in surrounding areas including Taiwan, Fu-kien, Che-chiang and Kwang-tung has accumulated references of prehistoric cultures. Therefore, a manifestly defined research question with reinterpretations and comparative studies may help understanding of human behavior behind the material remains.
II. Research methods and procedures
Guided with the manifestly defined research questions, major research methods and procedures include:
1.Literature review. Archaeological and paleoenvironmental references are collected within the research area, plus the Pescadores, Taiwan, Che-chiang, Fu-kien, Kwang-tung, the Northern Philippines and Yaeyama of Japan.
2.Resurvey the key sites to collect data and record the preservation conditions.
3.Establish sequences of prehistoric cultures and possible cultural interactions in this area through comparative studies.
4.Test current theories of prehistoric migration in Kingmen area against the results of this project and propose new model.
III. Results
This research, through comparative studies of prehistoric cultures and chronology, reached several conclusions. The Pu-pian Phase of Kingmen was small population immigrated from the Upper Chuang-pian-shan Phase of Min River estuary due to a shrinking size in inhabitable land caused by the sea transgression. The unique parallel retouch on Pu-pian Phase pottery, commonly seen at Site Pao-ching-wan of Zhu River estuary, indicates possible migration from Zhu River to Kingmen; together with immigrants from Upper Chuang-pian-shan Phase of Min River estuary they developed the unique Pu-pian Phase in Kingmen.
IV. Major suggestions
Immediate and long-term suggestions are proposed in this research.
1. Suggestion I: Immediate action should be taken to preserve Sites Chin-chi, Pu-pian, Hou-feng-kang and Chin-kuei-shan from further destruction.
Supervisory Agent: County Government of Kingmen
Co-Supervisory Agent: Kinmen National Park Headquarters
(1)Sites mentioned above were found being destroyed by land reclamation, agricultural activities, and natural soil erosions, which resulted in serious destruction of cultural resources. In addition to more detailed documentations and researches, the County Government of Kingmen should be informed about the importance of archaeological site protection to take necessary steps regulated by the Cultural Heritage Preservation Act.
(2)Appeal to the public for preserving archaeological sites.
(3)Continue archaeological researches of Kingmen.
2. Suggestion II: Middle to long-term suggestions---appoint Sites Pu-pian, Hou-feng-kang and Chin-chi as County Archaeological Sites. Among which large scale excavation and research can be undertaken on Site Pu-pian to plan out the establishment of Pu-pian archaeological park or museum for the purpose of academic research and public education.
Supervisory Agent: County Government of Kingmen
Co-Supervisory Agent: Kinmen National Park Headquarters
本計畫的研究主旨為，透過金門地區史前時代後期和同時期台灣與中國東南沿海地區的考古資料，來探討這個時期人群在金門地區可能的適應與遷移行為。金門的史前時代後期主要指，以浦邊、后豐港、金龜山遺址上層和青岐遺址所代表的新石器時代的文化樣相，其年代約在4,000-3,500 B.P.。本階段金門地區的浦邊遺址、后豐港遺址、金龜山遺址上層均已有初步的試掘研究；而周邊的台灣和中國東南沿海的福建、浙江、廣東等地之史前文化的研究也累積相當豐富的研究成果，相信在明確的問題意識之下，對基礎的調查和發掘報告資料進行再解讀和比較研究，可以進一步掌握物質遺留背後的人類行為。
二、研究方法及過程
本計畫乃以金門地區和中國大陸東南沿海、台灣等地區的既有考古調查研究的成果為基礎，基於明確的問題意識，以進一步探討史前時期的文化類緣和文化互動的可能狀況。主要的研究方法和過程如下：
1、資料蒐集：針對上述各區域史前時代的相關資料，包括考古學、古環境等相關學科的研究成果進行蒐集，區域除了金門以外，並包括澎湖群島、台灣本島，中國大陸沿海的浙江、福建、廣東，和菲律賓北部、日本八重山群島等地。
2、針對重點遺址或區域進行再調查、採集標本、記錄遺址的保存狀態。
3、資料分析並進行區域間的史前文化遺留之比較研究，以建立這個廣大的空間內的史前文化架構和可能的文化類緣關係。
4、基於上述的研究成果，以對目前學界的既有理解進行檢討，並提出有關人群移動的進一步看法。
三、重要發現
本文透過文化內涵與年代之比較研究，指出：
金門地區的浦邊類型的遺留，應為閩江口的庄邊山上層類型的史前人類之小規模移居金門所造成。而促使庄邊山上層類型的人們移居金門的原因，可能與當時發生的海進所造成的居地緊縮有關。而從浦邊類型陶器獨特的平行修整痕，亦多見於珠江口寶鏡灣遺址看來，當時可能亦有少數的珠江口史前人類移居金門，而與從閩江口移來的庄邊山上層類型的人們共同居住，進而在金門島內發展成為獨具特色的浦邊類型。
四、主要建議事項
根據本年度的研究結果，提出以下之立即可行的具體建議和中長期建議：
1、建議一：立即可行建議－保護青岐、浦邊、后豐港和金龜山遺址，避免受到進一步的破壞。
主辦機關：金門縣政府
協辦機關：金門國家公園管理處
(1)本計畫進行金門地區調查之際，發現上述各遺址受到人為開發、耕作，和裸露土層因雨水等所造成的土層崩塌等現象，使得重要的文化資產遭受相當大的破壞，因此除了進行更詳細的紀錄和研究工作外，必須知會金門縣政府上述各遺址的重要性，立即依文化資產保存法執行必要的保護措施，以避免遺址受到進一步的破壞。
(2)教育當地民眾考古遺址的重要性。
(3)持續進行金門地區的考古調查研究。
2、建議二：中長期建議－指定浦邊、后豐港和青岐遺址為縣定遺址。其中可對浦邊遺址進行較大規模的發掘和研究工作，並根據出土遺物、遺跡，規劃設置浦邊遺址公園或文物館，以達到學術研究和社會教育的目的。
主辦機關：金門縣政府
協辦機關：金門國家公園管理處
Abstract
Keywords: Pu-pian Phase; Chuang-pian-shan Upper Phase; Pao-ching-wan Site; Sea Transgression
I. Goals
This project explores later prehistoric adaptation and migration in Kingmen area through the analysis of the archaeological record from Kingmen, Taiwan and Southeast China. The later prehistoric stage of Kingmen refers to a time between 4,000 to 3,500 BP, which is represented by Neolithic cultures including Pu-pian, Hou-feng-kang, upper layer of Chin-kuei-shan and Site Ching-chi. Preliminary test excavations have been undertaken on sites Pu-pian, Hou-feng-kang and upper layer of Chin-kuei-shan. Also, in surrounding areas including Taiwan, Fu-kien, Che-chiang and Kwang-tung has accumulated references of prehistoric cultures. Therefore, a manifestly defined research question with reinterpretations and comparative studies may help understanding of human behavior behind the material remains.
II. Research methods and procedures
Guided with the manifestly defined research questions, major research methods and procedures include:
1.Literature review. Archaeological and paleoenvironmental references are collected within the research area, plus the Pescadores, Taiwan, Che-chiang, Fu-kien, Kwang-tung, the Northern Philippines and Yaeyama of Japan.
2.Resurvey the key sites to collect data and record the preservation conditions.
3.Establish sequences of prehistoric cultures and possible cultural interactions in this area through comparative studies.
4.Test current theories of prehistoric migration in Kingmen area against the results of this project and propose new model.
III. Results
This research, through comparative studies of prehistoric cultures and chronology, reached several conclusions. The Pu-pian Phase of Kingmen was small population immigrated from the Upper Chuang-pian-shan Phase of Min River estuary due to a shrinking size in inhabitable land caused by the sea transgression. The unique parallel retouch on Pu-pian Phase pottery, commonly seen at Site Pao-ching-wan of Zhu River estuary, indicates possible migration from Zhu River to Kingmen; together with immigrants from Upper Chuang-pian-shan Phase of Min River estuary they developed the unique Pu-pian Phase in Kingmen.
IV. Major suggestions
Immediate and long-term suggestions are proposed in this research.
1. Suggestion I: Immediate action should be taken to preserve Sites Chin-chi, Pu-pian, Hou-feng-kang and Chin-kuei-shan from further destruction.
Supervisory Agent: County Government of Kingmen
Co-Supervisory Agent: Kinmen National Park Headquarters
(1)Sites mentioned above were found being destroyed by land reclamation, agricultural activities, and natural soil erosions, which resulted in serious destruction of cultural resources. In addition to more detailed documentations and researches, the County Government of Kingmen should be informed about the importance of archaeological site protection to take necessary steps regulated by the Cultural Heritage Preservation Act.
(2)Appeal to the public for preserving archaeological sites.
(3)Continue archaeological researches of Kingmen.
2. Suggestion II: Middle to long-term suggestions---appoint Sites Pu-pian, Hou-feng-kang and Chin-chi as County Archaeological Sites. Among which large scale excavation and research can be undertaken on Site Pu-pian to plan out the establishment of Pu-pian archaeological park or museum for the purpose of academic research and public education.
Supervisory Agent: County Government of Kingmen
Co-Supervisory Agent: Kinmen National Park Headquarters