金門宗族組織與祭祖儀式
明代中葉福建地區許多宗族建造宗祠修族譜以維繫血緣親屬。在明代民間祭祖風氣影響下，金門宗族聚落社會與宗法體制大抵形成。今日蕞爾小島宗祠卻有一百五十一座。每年清明墓祭與冬至祭祖是島上大事。本案對象以金門地區族產龐大的後浦許氏與瓊林蔡氏對照沒有宗祠與豐厚族產的軍戶後代金門城倪氏以瞭解三宗族組織發展型式，並記錄三宗族祭祖儀式。本案調查時間縱深從宋代開浯到一九四九年。
關鍵字：祭祖儀式、宗族組織、金門、瓊林、後浦、金門城
Abstract
In the Jiajing reign (16th c.) of the Ming dynasty many lineages in Fujian started building ancestral halls and compiled lineage genealogies to maintain lineage identity and unity. Under such circumstances, lineage villages emerged and the kinship structure of Confucius doctrine reinforced on Jinmen. There are 151 ancestral halls on the tiny Jinmen islands. The festival of sweeping the tombs in the spring and ancestor worship rite on winter solstice are two major events that concern residents on the islands. This proposed project aims to understand lineage structure and ancestor worship ritual of three lineages. Both the Xu of Houpu town and the Cai of Qonglin village have large lineage property and magnificent ancestral halls. While the Ni of Jinmencheng village has neither lineage property nor ancestral hall. This project takes these three lineages to illustrate the different types of lineage organizations. The time span covers from emigration from mainland China to Jinmen in the Song dynasty to
1949.
Key Words: Ritual of Ancestor Worship, Lineage Organization, Jinmen, Qonglin,
Houpu, Jinmencheng
關鍵字：祭祖儀式、宗族組織、金門、瓊林、後浦、金門城
Abstract
In the Jiajing reign (16th c.) of the Ming dynasty many lineages in Fujian started building ancestral halls and compiled lineage genealogies to maintain lineage identity and unity. Under such circumstances, lineage villages emerged and the kinship structure of Confucius doctrine reinforced on Jinmen. There are 151 ancestral halls on the tiny Jinmen islands. The festival of sweeping the tombs in the spring and ancestor worship rite on winter solstice are two major events that concern residents on the islands. This proposed project aims to understand lineage structure and ancestor worship ritual of three lineages. Both the Xu of Houpu town and the Cai of Qonglin village have large lineage property and magnificent ancestral halls. While the Ni of Jinmencheng village has neither lineage property nor ancestral hall. This project takes these three lineages to illustrate the different types of lineage organizations. The time span covers from emigration from mainland China to Jinmen in the Song dynasty to
1949.
Key Words: Ritual of Ancestor Worship, Lineage Organization, Jinmen, Qonglin,
Houpu, Jinmencheng