金門地區水體水質基本資料之調查研究
按計劃於民國九十一年四月、六月、八月及十月共四次，針對金門金沙溪流域、前(田)埔溪流域、慈湖及烈嶼陵水湖等水體進行水質採樣工作，採取水樣進行化學分析。由分析結果顯示，金門地區不同水體各測站之水溫介於17.0～34.8℃之間，鹽度介於0.10～32.97 psu之間，pH值介於6.66～10.3之間，溶氧量介於3.2～14.2 mg/l之間，而溶氧飽和度則介於43.6%～200 %之間。再由五天生化需氧量測值介於0.3～11.7 mg/L之間，顯示各測站中部分已遭受耗氧性污染物質之污染。硝酸鹽分析結果介於0.004～0.757 mg/L之間，亞硝酸鹽介於nd～0.309mg/L 之間，磷酸鹽介於nd～3.737mg/L之間，矽酸鹽分析結果介於0.063～9.317 mg/L之間，由分析結果顯示金門國家公園附近水體部分測站含有較高的營養鹽，其主要是慈湖;氨氮分析結果介於0.01～12.5 mg/L之間，總磷分析結果介於0.01～7.22 mg/L之間，葉綠素甲分析結果介於0.21～105 ug/L之間，顯示部分測站中藻類含量偏高。濁度分析結果介於1.96～636NTU之間，其中最高值及次高值分別出現在八月份之金沙溪流域，主要由於雨季來臨，雨水沖刷陸域土壤匯流進入河川之故，此外慈湖及陵水湖亦俱較高之測值;懸浮固體量之分析結果介於7～394mg/L之間，透視度之分析結果則介於 4.3～109cm之間。
針對計畫中田埔溪流域及金沙溪流域來計算推估河川水質之污染程度，推估之結果顯示，田埔溪流域上游(陽明湖)為中度污染程度，而其中、下游則為未受污染至中度污染之程度；金沙溪流域為未受污染至中度污染之程度。
在水庫水質優氧化評估方面，本計畫以卡爾森優養指數(CTSI)之模式表示，結果顯示，金門地區不同水體各測站之卡爾森優養指數(CTSI) 介於45.2～89.1之間，以水庫水質而言，田埔水庫、金沙水庫、慈湖及陵水湖皆屬於優養水質，值得相關主管單位重視，並尋求解決之道。
本計畫應委託單位之要求，於民國九十一年六月及十月共外加二次，針對各測站之重金屬(Zn，Cd，Pb，Cu及汞)加以分析，結果顯示該地區水體中重金屬測值均合乎環保署公告"保護人體健康相關環境基準"規定之水質標準，因此該地區陸域水體中，並無重金屬相關之污染問題發生。
綜合以上各項結果，本計劃調查區域之地面水體水質，主要受到都市性家庭廢水中耗氧性污染物質及陸源土壤沖刷等人為活動因子之影響，使得部分測站水體含有較高的五天生化需氧量、濁度、營養鹽及葉綠素甲等，相信對該地面水體水質及生態環境，已造成相當程度之影響。
關鍵字：水質、污染、河流、湖泊、水庫。
Abstract
Four investigations were made in April, June, August and October, 2002 on water quality analyses from different sites in Kim-Sha stream, Chyan-Pwu stream, Tzi Lake and Liehyu Lingshui Lake. The results showed that the water temperature in different water bodies is between 17.0 to 34.8 °C, whereas the salinity is between 0.10 to 32.97 psu. The PH values, dissolved oxygen, dissolved oxygen saturation are from 6.66 to 10.3, 3.2 to 14.2 mg/l and 43.6 to 200 %, representatively. The BOD analyses also showed that some water bodies in the investigated sites polluted by some oxygen-consuming substance. The water bodies in the Kinmen National Park contain higher concentration of nutrients, such as nitrate, nitrite, phosphate and silicate etc, particularly in Tzi Lake. Some of investigating sites have higher concentration of total phosphorus, ammonia and Chlorophyll a. This results in the occurrence of higher concentration of unicellular algae in the water bodies. Kim-Sha River has the highest value of turbidity measured in August. It was because the soil was washed into the river during the rain season.
The analyses on the water pollution in Chyan-Pwu stream and Kim-Sha stream also showed that the higher reach in Chyan-Pwu stream is moderately polluted, whereas the middle reach and lower reach in Chayn-Pwu and Kim-Sha stream have slightly affected.
We used CTSI model to assess the eutrophication in the dams. The results showed that the CTSI were from 45.2 to 89.1. This indicates that the dams have been polluted by high concentration of nutrients. This situation draws our attention on seeking a better control method to improve the water quality in these dams.
Two additional water analyses on the concentration of some heavy metals, i.e. Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu ect., were made depend upon the request from the local management unit. The results showed that the concentration of the heavy metals in the water bodies is lower than the EPA standard. Therefore, there is no heavy metal pollution in the water bodies.
In summary, the water bodies in some of the investigated sites have higher value of BOD, turbidity, nutrient and chlorophyll a etc. This was affected by the introduction of household sewage and land soil to the streams and dams by human activities. Our investigation on the water quality in the Kinmen National Park indicates that the water bodies and their neighboring environments are more or less polluted by human acitivities. It needs our attention to improve the water supply environments.
Key words: water quality, pollution, nutrients ,stream, lake ,dam
針對計畫中田埔溪流域及金沙溪流域來計算推估河川水質之污染程度，推估之結果顯示，田埔溪流域上游(陽明湖)為中度污染程度，而其中、下游則為未受污染至中度污染之程度；金沙溪流域為未受污染至中度污染之程度。
在水庫水質優氧化評估方面，本計畫以卡爾森優養指數(CTSI)之模式表示，結果顯示，金門地區不同水體各測站之卡爾森優養指數(CTSI) 介於45.2～89.1之間，以水庫水質而言，田埔水庫、金沙水庫、慈湖及陵水湖皆屬於優養水質，值得相關主管單位重視，並尋求解決之道。
本計畫應委託單位之要求，於民國九十一年六月及十月共外加二次，針對各測站之重金屬(Zn，Cd，Pb，Cu及汞)加以分析，結果顯示該地區水體中重金屬測值均合乎環保署公告"保護人體健康相關環境基準"規定之水質標準，因此該地區陸域水體中，並無重金屬相關之污染問題發生。
綜合以上各項結果，本計劃調查區域之地面水體水質，主要受到都市性家庭廢水中耗氧性污染物質及陸源土壤沖刷等人為活動因子之影響，使得部分測站水體含有較高的五天生化需氧量、濁度、營養鹽及葉綠素甲等，相信對該地面水體水質及生態環境，已造成相當程度之影響。
關鍵字：水質、污染、河流、湖泊、水庫。
Abstract
Four investigations were made in April, June, August and October, 2002 on water quality analyses from different sites in Kim-Sha stream, Chyan-Pwu stream, Tzi Lake and Liehyu Lingshui Lake. The results showed that the water temperature in different water bodies is between 17.0 to 34.8 °C, whereas the salinity is between 0.10 to 32.97 psu. The PH values, dissolved oxygen, dissolved oxygen saturation are from 6.66 to 10.3, 3.2 to 14.2 mg/l and 43.6 to 200 %, representatively. The BOD analyses also showed that some water bodies in the investigated sites polluted by some oxygen-consuming substance. The water bodies in the Kinmen National Park contain higher concentration of nutrients, such as nitrate, nitrite, phosphate and silicate etc, particularly in Tzi Lake. Some of investigating sites have higher concentration of total phosphorus, ammonia and Chlorophyll a. This results in the occurrence of higher concentration of unicellular algae in the water bodies. Kim-Sha River has the highest value of turbidity measured in August. It was because the soil was washed into the river during the rain season.
The analyses on the water pollution in Chyan-Pwu stream and Kim-Sha stream also showed that the higher reach in Chyan-Pwu stream is moderately polluted, whereas the middle reach and lower reach in Chayn-Pwu and Kim-Sha stream have slightly affected.
We used CTSI model to assess the eutrophication in the dams. The results showed that the CTSI were from 45.2 to 89.1. This indicates that the dams have been polluted by high concentration of nutrients. This situation draws our attention on seeking a better control method to improve the water quality in these dams.
Two additional water analyses on the concentration of some heavy metals, i.e. Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu ect., were made depend upon the request from the local management unit. The results showed that the concentration of the heavy metals in the water bodies is lower than the EPA standard. Therefore, there is no heavy metal pollution in the water bodies.
In summary, the water bodies in some of the investigated sites have higher value of BOD, turbidity, nutrient and chlorophyll a etc. This was affected by the introduction of household sewage and land soil to the streams and dams by human activities. Our investigation on the water quality in the Kinmen National Park indicates that the water bodies and their neighboring environments are more or less polluted by human acitivities. It needs our attention to improve the water supply environments.
Key words: water quality, pollution, nutrients ,stream, lake ,dam