金門國家公園環境長期監測(二)
一、研究緣起
金門自1992年解除戰地政務以來，受到許多不當的開發，自然環境遭受空前的衝擊，諸多生物的棲地也面臨空前的浩劫。1995年在政府與各界人士的努力下，一座以兼顧人文與自然風?的國家公園正式成立。然則，由於金門國家公園所轄範圍不及金門面積的三分之一，諸多特殊物種的棲地都在國家公園的範圍之外，公權力有所不及，頗難發揮保護資源與永續發展的效能。有鑑於此，金門國家公園邀集國內生態學者、本地師生及居民，針對金門具有代表性的特殊物種，持續調查其棲地環境及族群數量的變化，藉此建立基礎研究資料，調整保育機制以維持生態平衡，俾能及時保存物種，裨益金門國家公園掌握經營管理的先機，並防範生態危機於未然。
二、研究方法及過程
自2002年三月開始進行第一年的監測工作，至今（2003）年度係為第二年度的監測計畫；本計畫從2003年三月至十一月，期間共計10個月。調查工作區分三項領域分別進行：生物族群的監測方面，除繼續監測黃邊鳳蝶、中國鱟、栗喉蜂虎、鸕鶿和水獺等五種金門代表性動物外，再增列金錢草、長葉茅膏菜餚、長距挖耳草、絲葉貍藻等四種食蟲植物族群的監測，並剔除尚無生存危機的待宵花。至於水井水質方面，仍持續往年在金門國家公園所屬聚落水井的抽樣調查。本年度再增加特殊地景－烈嶼青岐生痕化石海岸的初步監測。
調查工作視監測對象，分別選定該生物在金門的重要棲地、聚落中的水井、生痕化石海岸等，每月定期實施1至4次定點觀測，同時配合特殊生態現象輔以機動性的普查。在2003年三月至十一月，共十個月期間，總計投入635人天次的調查人力。調查時視各別對象採用不同方法，食蟲植物在田埔水庫的田野採定點劃區調查；黃邊鳳蝶在中山林、魯王墓、太武苗圃和五虎山等四處各劃定一條穿越線進行觀察；中國鱟則在北山、南山及夏墅等潮間帶，沿著潮溝共劃出四條監測樣線來測定；鸕鶿在慈湖和太湖兩處夜棲地於回巢時調查族群的數量；栗喉蜂虎在后沙、金龜山及農試所等三處夜棲地為監測夜間停棲的數量；水獺則選定雙鯉湖、古崗湖、太湖、榮湖、田埔水庫及前埔溪等六處水域觀測其排遺活動的機率。至於水井水質則在六處聚落及管理處各選定一口水井，每月定期採水一次委由自來水廠檢驗；生痕化石海岸以每半個月實施一次定性觀察為主。
三、重要發現
本（2003）年度就各監測地點的位置及其範圍，業已完成GPS的定位。經十個月來觀察監測結果，發現金門的食蟲植物有金錢草、長葉茅膏菜餚、長距挖耳草、絲葉貍藻等四種，族群很小且因棲地不斷破壞而極不穩定。目前僅分佈在田埔水庫的田野，其中長距挖耳草已極難得見，至於絲葉貍藻則是金門新發現的食蟲植物。后?及歐厝原有食蟲植物生長，但至今迄未發現。
本年度在各監測棲地的黃邊鳳蝶，從四月二十一日首度有3隻成蝶出現，此後至八月底在各監測地點都有黃邊鳳蝶活動。六月中旬到七月中旬是黃邊鳳蝶出現較多的時候，在中山紀念林和魯王墓的蝶況尚可，五虎山則幾乎少有蝶蹤，黃邊鳳蝶在金門的生存正面臨嚴峻考驗。
中國鱟的監測從一月至十一月之間，在南山、北山和浯江溪口三處潮間帶的四條觀測線總計進行21天次監測。其中，以北山的觀測線稚鱟最多，其次是夏墅（一）的觀測線，而南山的觀測線稚鱟最少。潮間帶稚鱟數量隨氣溫而變動，在六、七兩月活動最頻繁，九月以後出現活動的稚鱟銳減。浯江溪口因周邊開發工程造成嚴重的淤沙，是否會干擾中國鱟到沙灘產卵繁殖及稚鱟的生存，值得日後持續觀察。
鸕鶿的監測概分上半年和下半年兩個不同的越冬族群，總計有34天次的調查記錄。於2003年上半年在金門停棲鸕鶿乃屬2002年前來越冬的族群，從去年十月十八日到今年四月十七日離境，總計停留182天。全島鸕鶿族群在一月份與二月份最多，慈湖和小太湖兩處夜棲地停棲鳥數總計約 7700±600隻。下半年的鸕鶿族群於2003年十月五日前來渡冬，到十二月上旬在慈湖夜棲的鸕鶿已達7900隻，本年度渡冬族群的變化，尚有待繼續觀察。
今年度的栗喉蜂虎於三月三十一日開始前來金門繁殖，隨後在三處夜棲地的族群逐漸增大。於六月繁殖前族群數量最多達2600隻，在繁殖後的九月，全島的鳥口數達最高峰，約有4200隻之多，約為繁殖前的二倍。其間以金沙富康農莊夜棲地停棲的族群最大，多達2200隻之眾。最後一批栗喉蜂虎在十月二十二日之前由富康農莊的夜棲地離境，總計在金門停棲時間達200天。
金門國家公園所屬聚落的水井，經本年度每月定期檢測水質分析結果，其理化性質概在飲用水的標準範圍之內；由於大多數已經久乏人使用，其中含菌量及大腸菌數均超過飲用水的標準範圍甚多。
位於烈嶼南方海岸露出的玄武岩，因有密集的柱狀節理及含大量的氣孔，空氣和水易滲入，經長期的風化作用，使得海岸的玄武岩變得疏鬆。此外，受到海水侵蝕的影響，玄武岩容易整塊岩柱體崩落，海岸正以驚人的速度在後退之中。由於本地區的玄武岩已達高度風化，漸成紅壤化的階段，故以放置消波塊阻擋的效果不大。
四、主要建議事項
根據研究發現，本研究針對監測物種的現況及未來將面臨生存的考驗，提出下列具體建議。以下分別從立即可行的建議、及長期性建議加以列舉。
1.立即可行建議：
建議一：為防患物種消失於未然，宜落實環評，請金門縣政府檢討評估金門溪流整治計畫。
主辦機關：金門縣政府
協辦機關：金門國家公園管理處
說明：溪流及其周邊環境，是水獺、原生淡水魚類及原生植群等重要棲地。諸多不當整治工程，迫使當今碩果僅存的少數溪流急遽的消失；許多溪流目前尚保存特殊珍稀的物種，甚至是國際級的珍稀生物。
縣府計畫中的溪流之整治工程，已嚴重危及其間水獺、原生淡水魚類及原生植群的生存。請金門縣政府重新檢討評估溪流整治計畫，該項工程若屬必要，宜落實環境影響評估之工作，務使整治工程與此間特殊物種的生態能兼容並蓄。
建議二：研議瀕危物種的種源保存、棲地之營造及移地保育的措施。
主辦機關：金門國家公園管理處。
協辦機關：國內大學及相關研究機構。
說明：諸多特殊物種的棲地非屬國家公園轄區，常有力不從心之憾。種源（種子、孢子、蟲卵）的保存、棲地之營造及移地保育的措施，將可亡羊補牢以挽救物種瀕危。
2.中長期建議：
建議三：考慮將地表水文納入調查，並分案交付專家研究。
主辦機關：金門國家公園管理處。
協辦機關：金門縣政府
說明：地表的水文是重要環境因子，更須深入檢測探討。然而水文、水質事屬另類領域的專業，後續研究宜考慮分案研究，俾以提昇該項監測的成效。
建議四：結合地方觀光，推展生態旅遊，普及生態保育觀念。
主辦機關：金門國家公園管理處。
協辦機關：金門縣政府
說明：栗喉蜂虎與鸕鶿等特殊物種，是金門觀光最重要的自然資源，其越冬和繁殖的移棲行為各領其趣，深化觀察，必能引人入勝。若能透過專門的導覽，不僅有助於地方觀光事業的發展，更能普及保育教育的大眾化。
建議五：將特殊物種重要棲地納入在國家公園的範圍。
主辦機關：金門國家公園管理處。
協辦機關：金門縣政府
說明：諸多特殊物種的重要棲地，不在金門國家公園之內，公權力有所不及，不無遺憾，若能仿照特殊閩南聚落的收編方式，協調地方政府釋出此類棲地，如前埔溪、金沙溪等重要動、植物棲地，將其納入國家公園來經管保護，方可防患於此類物種消失的危機。
建議六：設置慈湖為重要生態保留區。
主辦機關：金門國家公園管理處。
協辦機關：中華民國野鳥學會
說明：在慈湖停棲越冬的鸕鶿族群數量多達近八千隻之眾，已接近國際所定單一鳥種棲息一萬隻，得設置鳥類保留區的標準，況且湖中經常有數以萬計的各種水鳥，生物多樣且生態系繁複。因此，確有設置重要生態保留區以加強保護的必要。
關鍵字：環境監測、夜棲地、食蟲植物、水質、生痕化石、玄武岩、黃邊鳳蝶、中國鱟、栗喉蜂虎、鸕鶿、歐亞水獺。
Abstract
Ever since the lift of the martial law in 1992, the natural environment of Kinmen has been undergoing great impact on account of undue development construction works.Directly threatened are various special species in all the habitats near the construction site.Fortunately, under the effort of both the government and some environmental-related organizations, the National Park of Kinmen is thus established with a view to preserve the cultural heritage and the natural environment of the area.With that in view, the National Park of Kinmen has invited some ecologist from Taiwan and the local residents to monitor the most representative species in each habitat and their adaptability to the changing environment so as to set up the basic data of each species for further study on preserving them.
The monitoring project started in March 2002, and this is the second year of the three-year project which covers from March 2003 until November 2003.During the 10-month period, the monitoring work includes five life species monitored in the previous year, Chilasa clytia clytia Linnaeus, Tachypleus tridentatus, Merops superciliosus, Phalacrocorax carbo, and Lutra lutra; four insectivorous plants, Drosera burmannii Vahl, Drosera indica L., Utricularia caerulea L., and Ultricularia exoleta R. Rr., newly added items this year; the water quality of the drinking wells in the tribal villages of the Park area, also a continuous monitoring work from the previous year; and the biological fossils in the coastal area of Lei-yu Isle, also a newly added item this year.The species Oenothera drumnondii is excluded from this year’s project on the ground that it can be found island-wide and suffers no immediate danger of being extinguished in the near future.
For each habitat and monitoring site, investigating work is carried out one to four times a month according to the various demands of each individual item.Altogether, 635 investigations are conducted during the ten-month period from March to November in 2003.Different methods are applied to incorporate with different target subject.A fixed area by the Tien-pu Reservoir is chosen to investigate the insectivorous plants; a specific route in Chung Shan Memorial Woods, Tai-wu Nursery, Wu-hu Shan, and Kin Lu’s Cemetery is selected for monitoring Chilasa clytia clytia Linnaeus; four lines parallel to the tiding line of Nan Shan, Pei Shan, and Hsia Su tiding zones are chosen to monitor the Horse-shoe Crabs; Tse Hu and Tai Hu are chosen for counting the number of Great Cormorants on their returning to the two night habitats; Hou Sha, Chin-kuei Shan, and the Agricultural Experimental Farm are selected for counting the number of Blue-tailed Bee-eaters; Shuang-li Hu, Gu-gang Hu, Tai Hu, Rung Hu, and Tien-pu Reservoir are chosen for monitoring the excrement of otters; one drinking well is chosen from each of the six tribal villages and the National Park’s Administration Headquaters; and the coastal area of Lieh-yu Isle is chosen for monitoring the biological fossils.
In the ten-month period, the location of each habitat and site is marked with the GPS positioning system.Other important fact-findings are:
The number of insectivorous plants increases from three to four after the discovering of Utricularia exoleta R. Rr., though the habitats are withering and unstable;
During the period, three Chilasa clytia clytia Linnaeus are first spotted on April 21.After that it also appears in the other habitats until the end of August. The peak of their appearance comes between mid-June and mid-July with the exception of Wu-hu Shan;
In the 21 times of observation, more juvenile Horse-shoe Crabs are recorded in Pei Shan tiding zone than the other two.The number of juveniles varies with the change of temperature.In June and July, the number of juveniles reaches the highest.After September, it decreases sharply;
The monitoring of Great Cormorants is divided into two periods.Those recorded before April 17 belongs to the group that arrived on October 18, 2002.During their staying (182 days, form October 18, 2002 until April 17, 2003), the highest counting of the two habitats reaches around 7700.As for the second group that arrived on October 5, the highest counting of Tse Hu alone reaches 7900 in mid-December;
This year, the blue-tailed Bee-eaters arrived on March 31 and left on October 22, and stay in Kinmen for as long as 200 days.The highest counting number before breeding is 2600 in June, and the highest counting number after breeding is 4200 in September.Of the three night habitats, the biggest group is that of Fu-kangFarmingVillage (an alternative night habitat of Chin-kuei Shan) with 2200 Blue-tailed Bee-eaters;
Just like it was in the previous year, the water quality taken from the drinking wells of the tribal villages is with the standard of drinking water in terms of minerals and chemical substances.But the numbers of bacteria have greatly exceeded the standard;
As for the biological fossils found in the basaltic area of southern coast of Leih-yu Isle, it is found that the wind power and the sea water of this area is eroding basalt in this area in fast speed.And the shoreline is receding inland at fast speed too.
Key words: none
金門自1992年解除戰地政務以來，受到許多不當的開發，自然環境遭受空前的衝擊，諸多生物的棲地也面臨空前的浩劫。1995年在政府與各界人士的努力下，一座以兼顧人文與自然風?的國家公園正式成立。然則，由於金門國家公園所轄範圍不及金門面積的三分之一，諸多特殊物種的棲地都在國家公園的範圍之外，公權力有所不及，頗難發揮保護資源與永續發展的效能。有鑑於此，金門國家公園邀集國內生態學者、本地師生及居民，針對金門具有代表性的特殊物種，持續調查其棲地環境及族群數量的變化，藉此建立基礎研究資料，調整保育機制以維持生態平衡，俾能及時保存物種，裨益金門國家公園掌握經營管理的先機，並防範生態危機於未然。
二、研究方法及過程
自2002年三月開始進行第一年的監測工作，至今（2003）年度係為第二年度的監測計畫；本計畫從2003年三月至十一月，期間共計10個月。調查工作區分三項領域分別進行：生物族群的監測方面，除繼續監測黃邊鳳蝶、中國鱟、栗喉蜂虎、鸕鶿和水獺等五種金門代表性動物外，再增列金錢草、長葉茅膏菜餚、長距挖耳草、絲葉貍藻等四種食蟲植物族群的監測，並剔除尚無生存危機的待宵花。至於水井水質方面，仍持續往年在金門國家公園所屬聚落水井的抽樣調查。本年度再增加特殊地景－烈嶼青岐生痕化石海岸的初步監測。
調查工作視監測對象，分別選定該生物在金門的重要棲地、聚落中的水井、生痕化石海岸等，每月定期實施1至4次定點觀測，同時配合特殊生態現象輔以機動性的普查。在2003年三月至十一月，共十個月期間，總計投入635人天次的調查人力。調查時視各別對象採用不同方法，食蟲植物在田埔水庫的田野採定點劃區調查；黃邊鳳蝶在中山林、魯王墓、太武苗圃和五虎山等四處各劃定一條穿越線進行觀察；中國鱟則在北山、南山及夏墅等潮間帶，沿著潮溝共劃出四條監測樣線來測定；鸕鶿在慈湖和太湖兩處夜棲地於回巢時調查族群的數量；栗喉蜂虎在后沙、金龜山及農試所等三處夜棲地為監測夜間停棲的數量；水獺則選定雙鯉湖、古崗湖、太湖、榮湖、田埔水庫及前埔溪等六處水域觀測其排遺活動的機率。至於水井水質則在六處聚落及管理處各選定一口水井，每月定期採水一次委由自來水廠檢驗；生痕化石海岸以每半個月實施一次定性觀察為主。
三、重要發現
本（2003）年度就各監測地點的位置及其範圍，業已完成GPS的定位。經十個月來觀察監測結果，發現金門的食蟲植物有金錢草、長葉茅膏菜餚、長距挖耳草、絲葉貍藻等四種，族群很小且因棲地不斷破壞而極不穩定。目前僅分佈在田埔水庫的田野，其中長距挖耳草已極難得見，至於絲葉貍藻則是金門新發現的食蟲植物。后?及歐厝原有食蟲植物生長，但至今迄未發現。
本年度在各監測棲地的黃邊鳳蝶，從四月二十一日首度有3隻成蝶出現，此後至八月底在各監測地點都有黃邊鳳蝶活動。六月中旬到七月中旬是黃邊鳳蝶出現較多的時候，在中山紀念林和魯王墓的蝶況尚可，五虎山則幾乎少有蝶蹤，黃邊鳳蝶在金門的生存正面臨嚴峻考驗。
中國鱟的監測從一月至十一月之間，在南山、北山和浯江溪口三處潮間帶的四條觀測線總計進行21天次監測。其中，以北山的觀測線稚鱟最多，其次是夏墅（一）的觀測線，而南山的觀測線稚鱟最少。潮間帶稚鱟數量隨氣溫而變動，在六、七兩月活動最頻繁，九月以後出現活動的稚鱟銳減。浯江溪口因周邊開發工程造成嚴重的淤沙，是否會干擾中國鱟到沙灘產卵繁殖及稚鱟的生存，值得日後持續觀察。
鸕鶿的監測概分上半年和下半年兩個不同的越冬族群，總計有34天次的調查記錄。於2003年上半年在金門停棲鸕鶿乃屬2002年前來越冬的族群，從去年十月十八日到今年四月十七日離境，總計停留182天。全島鸕鶿族群在一月份與二月份最多，慈湖和小太湖兩處夜棲地停棲鳥數總計約 7700±600隻。下半年的鸕鶿族群於2003年十月五日前來渡冬，到十二月上旬在慈湖夜棲的鸕鶿已達7900隻，本年度渡冬族群的變化，尚有待繼續觀察。
今年度的栗喉蜂虎於三月三十一日開始前來金門繁殖，隨後在三處夜棲地的族群逐漸增大。於六月繁殖前族群數量最多達2600隻，在繁殖後的九月，全島的鳥口數達最高峰，約有4200隻之多，約為繁殖前的二倍。其間以金沙富康農莊夜棲地停棲的族群最大，多達2200隻之眾。最後一批栗喉蜂虎在十月二十二日之前由富康農莊的夜棲地離境，總計在金門停棲時間達200天。
金門國家公園所屬聚落的水井，經本年度每月定期檢測水質分析結果，其理化性質概在飲用水的標準範圍之內；由於大多數已經久乏人使用，其中含菌量及大腸菌數均超過飲用水的標準範圍甚多。
位於烈嶼南方海岸露出的玄武岩，因有密集的柱狀節理及含大量的氣孔，空氣和水易滲入，經長期的風化作用，使得海岸的玄武岩變得疏鬆。此外，受到海水侵蝕的影響，玄武岩容易整塊岩柱體崩落，海岸正以驚人的速度在後退之中。由於本地區的玄武岩已達高度風化，漸成紅壤化的階段，故以放置消波塊阻擋的效果不大。
四、主要建議事項
根據研究發現，本研究針對監測物種的現況及未來將面臨生存的考驗，提出下列具體建議。以下分別從立即可行的建議、及長期性建議加以列舉。
1.立即可行建議：
建議一：為防患物種消失於未然，宜落實環評，請金門縣政府檢討評估金門溪流整治計畫。
主辦機關：金門縣政府
協辦機關：金門國家公園管理處
說明：溪流及其周邊環境，是水獺、原生淡水魚類及原生植群等重要棲地。諸多不當整治工程，迫使當今碩果僅存的少數溪流急遽的消失；許多溪流目前尚保存特殊珍稀的物種，甚至是國際級的珍稀生物。
縣府計畫中的溪流之整治工程，已嚴重危及其間水獺、原生淡水魚類及原生植群的生存。請金門縣政府重新檢討評估溪流整治計畫，該項工程若屬必要，宜落實環境影響評估之工作，務使整治工程與此間特殊物種的生態能兼容並蓄。
建議二：研議瀕危物種的種源保存、棲地之營造及移地保育的措施。
主辦機關：金門國家公園管理處。
協辦機關：國內大學及相關研究機構。
說明：諸多特殊物種的棲地非屬國家公園轄區，常有力不從心之憾。種源（種子、孢子、蟲卵）的保存、棲地之營造及移地保育的措施，將可亡羊補牢以挽救物種瀕危。
2.中長期建議：
建議三：考慮將地表水文納入調查，並分案交付專家研究。
主辦機關：金門國家公園管理處。
協辦機關：金門縣政府
說明：地表的水文是重要環境因子，更須深入檢測探討。然而水文、水質事屬另類領域的專業，後續研究宜考慮分案研究，俾以提昇該項監測的成效。
建議四：結合地方觀光，推展生態旅遊，普及生態保育觀念。
主辦機關：金門國家公園管理處。
協辦機關：金門縣政府
說明：栗喉蜂虎與鸕鶿等特殊物種，是金門觀光最重要的自然資源，其越冬和繁殖的移棲行為各領其趣，深化觀察，必能引人入勝。若能透過專門的導覽，不僅有助於地方觀光事業的發展，更能普及保育教育的大眾化。
建議五：將特殊物種重要棲地納入在國家公園的範圍。
主辦機關：金門國家公園管理處。
協辦機關：金門縣政府
說明：諸多特殊物種的重要棲地，不在金門國家公園之內，公權力有所不及，不無遺憾，若能仿照特殊閩南聚落的收編方式，協調地方政府釋出此類棲地，如前埔溪、金沙溪等重要動、植物棲地，將其納入國家公園來經管保護，方可防患於此類物種消失的危機。
建議六：設置慈湖為重要生態保留區。
主辦機關：金門國家公園管理處。
協辦機關：中華民國野鳥學會
說明：在慈湖停棲越冬的鸕鶿族群數量多達近八千隻之眾，已接近國際所定單一鳥種棲息一萬隻，得設置鳥類保留區的標準，況且湖中經常有數以萬計的各種水鳥，生物多樣且生態系繁複。因此，確有設置重要生態保留區以加強保護的必要。
關鍵字：環境監測、夜棲地、食蟲植物、水質、生痕化石、玄武岩、黃邊鳳蝶、中國鱟、栗喉蜂虎、鸕鶿、歐亞水獺。
Abstract
Ever since the lift of the martial law in 1992, the natural environment of Kinmen has been undergoing great impact on account of undue development construction works.Directly threatened are various special species in all the habitats near the construction site.Fortunately, under the effort of both the government and some environmental-related organizations, the National Park of Kinmen is thus established with a view to preserve the cultural heritage and the natural environment of the area.With that in view, the National Park of Kinmen has invited some ecologist from Taiwan and the local residents to monitor the most representative species in each habitat and their adaptability to the changing environment so as to set up the basic data of each species for further study on preserving them.
The monitoring project started in March 2002, and this is the second year of the three-year project which covers from March 2003 until November 2003.During the 10-month period, the monitoring work includes five life species monitored in the previous year, Chilasa clytia clytia Linnaeus, Tachypleus tridentatus, Merops superciliosus, Phalacrocorax carbo, and Lutra lutra; four insectivorous plants, Drosera burmannii Vahl, Drosera indica L., Utricularia caerulea L., and Ultricularia exoleta R. Rr., newly added items this year; the water quality of the drinking wells in the tribal villages of the Park area, also a continuous monitoring work from the previous year; and the biological fossils in the coastal area of Lei-yu Isle, also a newly added item this year.The species Oenothera drumnondii is excluded from this year’s project on the ground that it can be found island-wide and suffers no immediate danger of being extinguished in the near future.
For each habitat and monitoring site, investigating work is carried out one to four times a month according to the various demands of each individual item.Altogether, 635 investigations are conducted during the ten-month period from March to November in 2003.Different methods are applied to incorporate with different target subject.A fixed area by the Tien-pu Reservoir is chosen to investigate the insectivorous plants; a specific route in Chung Shan Memorial Woods, Tai-wu Nursery, Wu-hu Shan, and Kin Lu’s Cemetery is selected for monitoring Chilasa clytia clytia Linnaeus; four lines parallel to the tiding line of Nan Shan, Pei Shan, and Hsia Su tiding zones are chosen to monitor the Horse-shoe Crabs; Tse Hu and Tai Hu are chosen for counting the number of Great Cormorants on their returning to the two night habitats; Hou Sha, Chin-kuei Shan, and the Agricultural Experimental Farm are selected for counting the number of Blue-tailed Bee-eaters; Shuang-li Hu, Gu-gang Hu, Tai Hu, Rung Hu, and Tien-pu Reservoir are chosen for monitoring the excrement of otters; one drinking well is chosen from each of the six tribal villages and the National Park’s Administration Headquaters; and the coastal area of Lieh-yu Isle is chosen for monitoring the biological fossils.
In the ten-month period, the location of each habitat and site is marked with the GPS positioning system.Other important fact-findings are:
The number of insectivorous plants increases from three to four after the discovering of Utricularia exoleta R. Rr., though the habitats are withering and unstable;
During the period, three Chilasa clytia clytia Linnaeus are first spotted on April 21.After that it also appears in the other habitats until the end of August. The peak of their appearance comes between mid-June and mid-July with the exception of Wu-hu Shan;
In the 21 times of observation, more juvenile Horse-shoe Crabs are recorded in Pei Shan tiding zone than the other two.The number of juveniles varies with the change of temperature.In June and July, the number of juveniles reaches the highest.After September, it decreases sharply;
The monitoring of Great Cormorants is divided into two periods.Those recorded before April 17 belongs to the group that arrived on October 18, 2002.During their staying (182 days, form October 18, 2002 until April 17, 2003), the highest counting of the two habitats reaches around 7700.As for the second group that arrived on October 5, the highest counting of Tse Hu alone reaches 7900 in mid-December;
This year, the blue-tailed Bee-eaters arrived on March 31 and left on October 22, and stay in Kinmen for as long as 200 days.The highest counting number before breeding is 2600 in June, and the highest counting number after breeding is 4200 in September.Of the three night habitats, the biggest group is that of Fu-kangFarmingVillage (an alternative night habitat of Chin-kuei Shan) with 2200 Blue-tailed Bee-eaters;
Just like it was in the previous year, the water quality taken from the drinking wells of the tribal villages is with the standard of drinking water in terms of minerals and chemical substances.But the numbers of bacteria have greatly exceeded the standard;
As for the biological fossils found in the basaltic area of southern coast of Leih-yu Isle, it is found that the wind power and the sea water of this area is eroding basalt in this area in fast speed.And the shoreline is receding inland at fast speed too.
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