金門傳統建築白蟻防治及維護管理研究
一、研究緣起
傳統建築文化可說是金門國家公園內最豐富的文化資產，在歐厝、珠山、水頭、瓊林、山后、古寧頭等六個具代表性的傳統聚落中，大部分仍維持漳泉式樣的傳統閩南建築。然而白蟻近幾年來在金門地區造成傳統聚落之危害最為嚴重，有必要針對金門國家公園傳統建築的蟻害進行調查，並分析不同蟻種之生活史與危害特性，並就金門地區傳統建築木作危害環境進行調查分級，以建立基本資料庫，並評估現代科技與工法應用於金門地區傳統建築木作防腐防蟲工程之適用性，協助國家公園管理處推動傳統聚落保存之工作。
二、研究方法及過程
首先勘查金門國家公園內傳統聚落建築危害情形，其次，為瞭解白蟻分佈之範圍，擇重點於包括歐厝、珠山、水頭、瓊林、山后、古寧頭等六個具代表性的傳統聚落範圍埋置木樁，以瞭解白蟻族群之大小與分佈。另，針對國外與國內之過去與現有的各種防腐防蟻技術與工法資料進行文獻資料之蒐集與歸納整理。並檢討目前國內傳統建築木作腐朽與蟲蟻防治工法適切性。
三、重要發現
金門國家公園內傳統聚落建築物遭危害比例較高之聚落依次為：水頭聚落(72%)、歐厝聚落(68%)、珠山聚落(63%)、古寧頭聚落(47%)、山后聚落(47%)、瓊林聚落(39%)；而遭危害之建築生物性之危害大多以白蟻危害最嚴重(59%-89%)。
101點蟻種偵測站採樣結果顯示，危害聚落蟻種主要以家白蟻為最大族群，但在山后與珠山兩聚落亦有採集6處土白蟻(山后2處、珠山4處)，土白蟻多以聚落外圍樹叢間為主，聚落間傾毀屋內並無發現土白蟻侵入，然而土白蟻族群已有漸漸侵入危機。
四、主要建議事項
防治金門國家公園內傳統聚落蟻害建議如下：（1）聚落整體白蟻監測、防治及有效控制環境中白蟻族群。（2）木構件腐朽與蟲蟻防治處理。（3）合理日常維護與管理制度。(4)落實定期檢測與維護。
關鍵字：金門、國家公園、傳統聚落、白蟻防治。
Abstract
I. Research motives
The culture of traditional architecture is one of the most distinguish cultural assets in Kinmen National Park. In the six-presented main tribes including O-tsuo, Chu-shan, Shuai-tao, Chun-lin, Shan-ho, and Ku-nin-tao, most of the architectures preserve the traditional style of southern Fu-chainProvince. However, the termites, in recent years, had already become the most serious harms to these traditional architectures in Kinmen area. It is necessary to investigate the damages of termites around here as well as to analyze the life histories and damage characteristics of different termites. Besides, in desire to help promoting the preservation of traditional tribes in Kinmen National Park, it is also important to classify the timbers for traditional architecture and establish a database as well as to estimate the suitability of antiseptic and anti-insects measures by applying modern technologies and engineering.
II. Research methods and procedures
The damage level of the traditional architectures in KinmenNational Park was investigated first, and then, to understand the distribution of the termites, branches were set in six traditional tribes including O-tsuo, Chu-shan, Shuai-tao, Chun-lin, Shan-ho, and Ku-nin-tao to reveal the population and distribution of the termites. Besides, various domestic and overseas research papers focused on antiseptic and anti-insect technologies and engineering are gathered and analyzed to self-criticize the suitability of the current methods of timber antiseptics and termite prevention engineering on traditional tribes.
III. Important discoveries
The damage percentage of traditional tribes in KinmenNational Park are Shuai-tao(72%), O-tsuo(68%), Chu-shan(63%), Ku-nin-tao(47%), Shan-ho(47%) and Chun-lin(39%). The biological damage to the architectures is mainly on termite (59% to 89%).
The sampling from the 101 monitoring spots reveals that the most damaged ant species is Copotermes Formosanus (Shiraki). However, it also discover the Odontotermes formosanus(Shiraki) in Shan-ho(2 spots) and Chu-shan(4 spots). The Odontotermes formosanus(Shiraki) are mainly active in the suburb bush of the tribes. They are not found in the crumbling walls and dilapidated houses in the tribes, however, their population may expand to these tribes in the future.
IV. Main suggestion
Main suggestions include the following items. First, termite monitoring and prevention of the whole tribes are necessary as well as the control of the population in KinmenNational Park. Second, of the antiseptic and anti-insects treatments to the timbers are necessary. Third, make reasonable maintenance and establish suitable management system. Finally, put regular inspections and maintenances into effect.
Keywords: kinmen, National park, traditional tribe, termite prevention
傳統建築文化可說是金門國家公園內最豐富的文化資產，在歐厝、珠山、水頭、瓊林、山后、古寧頭等六個具代表性的傳統聚落中，大部分仍維持漳泉式樣的傳統閩南建築。然而白蟻近幾年來在金門地區造成傳統聚落之危害最為嚴重，有必要針對金門國家公園傳統建築的蟻害進行調查，並分析不同蟻種之生活史與危害特性，並就金門地區傳統建築木作危害環境進行調查分級，以建立基本資料庫，並評估現代科技與工法應用於金門地區傳統建築木作防腐防蟲工程之適用性，協助國家公園管理處推動傳統聚落保存之工作。
二、研究方法及過程
首先勘查金門國家公園內傳統聚落建築危害情形，其次，為瞭解白蟻分佈之範圍，擇重點於包括歐厝、珠山、水頭、瓊林、山后、古寧頭等六個具代表性的傳統聚落範圍埋置木樁，以瞭解白蟻族群之大小與分佈。另，針對國外與國內之過去與現有的各種防腐防蟻技術與工法資料進行文獻資料之蒐集與歸納整理。並檢討目前國內傳統建築木作腐朽與蟲蟻防治工法適切性。
三、重要發現
金門國家公園內傳統聚落建築物遭危害比例較高之聚落依次為：水頭聚落(72%)、歐厝聚落(68%)、珠山聚落(63%)、古寧頭聚落(47%)、山后聚落(47%)、瓊林聚落(39%)；而遭危害之建築生物性之危害大多以白蟻危害最嚴重(59%-89%)。
101點蟻種偵測站採樣結果顯示，危害聚落蟻種主要以家白蟻為最大族群，但在山后與珠山兩聚落亦有採集6處土白蟻(山后2處、珠山4處)，土白蟻多以聚落外圍樹叢間為主，聚落間傾毀屋內並無發現土白蟻侵入，然而土白蟻族群已有漸漸侵入危機。
四、主要建議事項
防治金門國家公園內傳統聚落蟻害建議如下：（1）聚落整體白蟻監測、防治及有效控制環境中白蟻族群。（2）木構件腐朽與蟲蟻防治處理。（3）合理日常維護與管理制度。(4)落實定期檢測與維護。
關鍵字：金門、國家公園、傳統聚落、白蟻防治。
Abstract
I. Research motives
The culture of traditional architecture is one of the most distinguish cultural assets in Kinmen National Park. In the six-presented main tribes including O-tsuo, Chu-shan, Shuai-tao, Chun-lin, Shan-ho, and Ku-nin-tao, most of the architectures preserve the traditional style of southern Fu-chainProvince. However, the termites, in recent years, had already become the most serious harms to these traditional architectures in Kinmen area. It is necessary to investigate the damages of termites around here as well as to analyze the life histories and damage characteristics of different termites. Besides, in desire to help promoting the preservation of traditional tribes in Kinmen National Park, it is also important to classify the timbers for traditional architecture and establish a database as well as to estimate the suitability of antiseptic and anti-insects measures by applying modern technologies and engineering.
II. Research methods and procedures
The damage level of the traditional architectures in KinmenNational Park was investigated first, and then, to understand the distribution of the termites, branches were set in six traditional tribes including O-tsuo, Chu-shan, Shuai-tao, Chun-lin, Shan-ho, and Ku-nin-tao to reveal the population and distribution of the termites. Besides, various domestic and overseas research papers focused on antiseptic and anti-insect technologies and engineering are gathered and analyzed to self-criticize the suitability of the current methods of timber antiseptics and termite prevention engineering on traditional tribes.
III. Important discoveries
The damage percentage of traditional tribes in KinmenNational Park are Shuai-tao(72%), O-tsuo(68%), Chu-shan(63%), Ku-nin-tao(47%), Shan-ho(47%) and Chun-lin(39%). The biological damage to the architectures is mainly on termite (59% to 89%).
The sampling from the 101 monitoring spots reveals that the most damaged ant species is Copotermes Formosanus (Shiraki). However, it also discover the Odontotermes formosanus(Shiraki) in Shan-ho(2 spots) and Chu-shan(4 spots). The Odontotermes formosanus(Shiraki) are mainly active in the suburb bush of the tribes. They are not found in the crumbling walls and dilapidated houses in the tribes, however, their population may expand to these tribes in the future.
IV. Main suggestion
Main suggestions include the following items. First, termite monitoring and prevention of the whole tribes are necessary as well as the control of the population in KinmenNational Park. Second, of the antiseptic and anti-insects treatments to the timbers are necessary. Third, make reasonable maintenance and establish suitable management system. Finally, put regular inspections and maintenances into effect.
Keywords: kinmen, National park, traditional tribe, termite prevention