島嶼生態旅遊與環境教育評估研究
金門位處離島，因為交通之阻隔及歷史發展因素，曾長期與外界隔離，故保存特有的歷史文化襲產和自然環境生態，於 1992年解除戰地政務後，成為重要吸引觀光的資源；然而相對的，由於小型島嶼天然資源的有限、環境的脆弱，亟需謹慎規劃有島嶼特色的旅遊型態及積極推動環境教育，以培養正確環境態度及負責任旅遊行為。本研究經由資源分析、問卷調查、及深度訪問等方式，針對金門島的生態旅遊與環境教育的需求、潛力和經營管理的成效提出評估，並參考國內外不同形式島嶼旅遊及環境教育案例，探討符合永續發展原則之發展方向。研究結果顯示，目前遊客選擇遊憩的景點多在國家公園範圍內，但以大眾旅遊為主；為兼顧島嶼生態文化之保育及島嶼遊憩品質之提昇，應再倡導小型團體、深度體驗的島嶼生態旅遊，並系統性規劃提供包括自然旅遊、鄉野旅遊及襲產旅遊三類型體驗之遊憩型態與參觀路線，推動兼具生態及文化的永續旅遊模式。問卷調查分析亦顯示金門國家公園解說設施與解說活動所受滿意程度頗高，但環境教育活動與課程內涵之多元性可再加強，建議進一步與當地教育資源合作發展不同年齡對象之環境教育活動，加強分析展現金門島多元的生態文化特色，並加深環境體驗，一方面培養在地居民鄉土環境關懷，一方面培養外來遊客的負責任旅遊態度及環境行為。
Abstract
Keywords: ecotourism, sustainable tourism, island tourism, environmental education, responsible tourism behavior
Kinmen Islands are located in the offshore of southeast coast of mainland China and part of outlying small islands to Taiwan. Due to geographical isolation and unique historical trajectory, Kinmen Islands possess unique natural and cultural heritages that became the major attractions for tourists since the islands were relief from the martial law status of military base and opened for tourism in 1992. However, with small size, limited nature resources, sensitive cultural heritages, and vulnerable ecosystem, island tourism need to be carefully planned and more responsible tourism behavior fostered by environmental education program. This study aims to evaluate the current status of tourism development and environmental education conducted by Kinmen National Park. The results reveal that the main tourism pattern is ‘mass tourism’ on the islands, but the most attractive spots for the tourists are located in national park and tends to visit natural and cultural heritages. Therefore demands for enhancing island tourism experience request further planning. Cases studies of ecotourism and sustainable tourism as well as educational programs on other islands around the world as learning lessons are provided in the report. Recommendations include,1) providing three patterns of recreation experiences and visit routes for the islands: nature tourism, rural tourism, and heritages tourism; 2) carrying out integrated environmental education programs both for with local schools and for visitors; 3) enhancing environmental awareness and sensation for local people and promote responsible tourism behavior for visitors.
Abstract
Keywords: ecotourism, sustainable tourism, island tourism, environmental education, responsible tourism behavior
Kinmen Islands are located in the offshore of southeast coast of mainland China and part of outlying small islands to Taiwan. Due to geographical isolation and unique historical trajectory, Kinmen Islands possess unique natural and cultural heritages that became the major attractions for tourists since the islands were relief from the martial law status of military base and opened for tourism in 1992. However, with small size, limited nature resources, sensitive cultural heritages, and vulnerable ecosystem, island tourism need to be carefully planned and more responsible tourism behavior fostered by environmental education program. This study aims to evaluate the current status of tourism development and environmental education conducted by Kinmen National Park. The results reveal that the main tourism pattern is ‘mass tourism’ on the islands, but the most attractive spots for the tourists are located in national park and tends to visit natural and cultural heritages. Therefore demands for enhancing island tourism experience request further planning. Cases studies of ecotourism and sustainable tourism as well as educational programs on other islands around the world as learning lessons are provided in the report. Recommendations include,1) providing three patterns of recreation experiences and visit routes for the islands: nature tourism, rural tourism, and heritages tourism; 2) carrying out integrated environmental education programs both for with local schools and for visitors; 3) enhancing environmental awareness and sensation for local people and promote responsible tourism behavior for visitors.