金門國家公園生態旅遊整體規劃
一、研究緣起
金門因其地理位置及歷史發展上之特殊性，是發展賞鳥、體驗傳統聚落建築、戰役史蹟風貌及文物史蹟等深度旅遊的最佳區域，但由於金門環境屬於較脆弱的島嶼型態，實有必要提昇生態旅遊觀念、整體考量金門資源並妥善規劃生態旅遊遊程，進以增進旅遊品質，並將利益回饋於當地居民，使當地資源得以永續機營。此亦即本計畫之委託緣起。
二、研究方法及過程
本計畫藉由文獻蒐集、現地資源調查與人員訪談（金門國家公園管理處資深人員）等研究方法，彙集整理金門整體生態旅遊資源資料，並參酌行政院永續發展委員會國土分組所研擬的「生態旅遊白皮書」規範，對於適合發展生態旅遊之資源特色（資源潛力部分）與發展生態旅遊可能對環境、遊客及未來經營管理之衝擊（環境限制部分）進行生態旅遊點之劃設與分級。此外，並透過與金門縣政府、旅遊經營團體、當地居民等共同參與之座談會，共同研商金門生態旅遊之發展機制。
三、重要發現
（一）在生態旅遊據點之劃設與分級部份
依據行政院永續會「生態旅遊白皮書」對於景點潛力之相關標準，進行生態旅遊點之分級後，獲致相關結論：在賞鳥據點方面，以慈湖區、浯江溪口、金沙水庫區、陵水胡區、雙鯉湖附近溼地等最具生態旅遊發展潛力；戰役紀念據點部份則以八二三戰史館、古寧頭戰史館與湖井頭戰史館最具潛力；軍事設施與防禦運補工事據點部份則以翟山坑道、九宮（四維）坑道、瓊林地下坑道最具潛力；聚落建築據點部份則以瓊林、水頭、南山與北山聚落最具有潛力。
（二）在生態旅遊行程之規劃方面
建議將金門地區之生態旅遊行程規劃為組合式與主題式兩大類型。組合式遊程分別以太武山區、古寧頭區、馬山區、古崗區以及烈嶼區，並進行遊程安排，主題式遊程則規劃有戰役之旅、冬季賞鳥、傳統聚落與建築之旅及金門古蹟考察之旅。另為能讓遊客藉由活動參與的方式得以更深入體驗金門的歷史文化，選擇了北山古洋樓、瓊林地下坑道、烈嶼雙口村、水頭聚落及金門傳統建築修復工程等進行特殊活動規劃。
（三）在生態旅遊之發展機制方面
本計畫研擬解說導覽、環境保育、交通轉運、經營管理與住宿、餐飲發展等發展機制，另提出分期發展計畫，以利生態旅遊之推展。
1.解說導覽機制：宜先強化以遊客中心或展示館為資訊樞紐之行程引導模式，並建置每條生態旅遊行程之解說導覽資料庫，同時進行解說員的培訓、認證與考核，且製作生態旅遊導覽網站及生態旅遊手冊、地圖。
2.環境保育機制：建議對內加強環境認知，宣導正確價值觀，鼓勵環保經營，對外加強旅遊行前教育，使保育行為之知識普及化，並推廣綠色消費，進行旅客行為引導，以及相關法令約束與旅遊規範。
3.交通轉運機制：建議以（機場、遊客中心、國家公園管理處）、（遊客中心、金門全區重要景點與展示館）與（金門現有公車系統）三種層面，發展接駁轉運，提昇遊客的可及性。
4.經營管理機制：宜強化非營利組織之作業功能與效率，作為整合平台，並建立維護管理準則，加強保護巡查機制。在遊憩活動管理上，建議於部分較敏感或較為稀有的生態地區，進行遊客數量管制，並整合當地社區發展協會、強化網站資訊傳達與雙向交流之功能。
5.住宿及餐飲發展機制：在硬體發展上，宜保留金門當地特色，軟體發展則建議以策略聯盟的方式，營造有吸引力的消費環境。
四、主要建議事項
（一）近程研究與後續發展建議說明
（二）中長程研究與後續發展建議說明
Abstract
Keywords: Kinmen National Park, Ecotourism, Planning, Ecotourism Itinerary Planning
I. Introduction
Because of its unique geographic location and rich cultural assets, Kinmen has excellent travel attractions such as viewing traditional village and architecture, battlefield monuments, human culture, and bird watching. However, concerning its fragile ecology, the problem of how to enhance visitors’ ecotourism concept and provide appropriate itineraries for sustainable resource management becomes an important issue to Kinmen National Park.
II. Research Methods and Processes
In order to collect the ecotourism information of Kinmen, document review, senior staff survey, and on-site investigation are used in this project. Also, the Ecotourism Guideline made by Sustainable Development Committee, the Executive Yuan, is applied to construct the ecotourism framework for Kinmen. Moreover, a meeting with the representatives of Kinmen County, travel groups, and local residents is held for integrating the schematism of ecotourism.
III. Major Accomplishment
1. Selecting and Grading of the Ecotourism Spots of Kinmen
According to the standards of SDC’s Ecotourism Guideline, the most potential ecotourism locations of Kinmen are selected as following:
(1)Bird watching spots: Cih Lake area, Wuchiang River outlet, Lingshui Lake area, Jinsha Reservoir area.
(2)Battlefield monuments: August 23rd Artillery Battle Museum, Guningtou Battle Museum, Hujingtou War Museum.
(3)Military facility and defense system: The Jhaishan Tunnel, Jiougong (Sihwei) Tunnel, Cyonglin Tunnel.
(4)Traditional settlements: Cyonglin, Shueitou, Nanshan, Beishan.
2. Planning of the eco tours
Tours of a specific theme and a combination type will be the two major categories of Kinmen’s ecotourism. The combination tour will be focusing on areas such as Taiwun Mountain, Guningtou, Mashan, Gugang, Lieyu; the tour with specific themes such as battle field visit, winter bird watching, and traditional architecture and village exploring will also be implemented. For in-depth tours, Beishan western tower, Cyonglin tunnel, Lieyu settlements, Shueitou settlement, and the restoration works of Kinmen’s traditional architecture are other options for tour with specific theme.
3. Development of ecotourism
The research also focuses on areas in tour interpretation, environmental protection, traffic transportation, hotel and restaurant management; phase plans for future eco tour development are proposed as well.
(1)Tour Interpretation
The visitor centers with sufficient information will serve as a central guide for all tours. The information including maps, guides, and brochures for all tours should be provided at the center. Also, well educated interpreters and well planned website for tourists will be excellent supplements to the success of all tours.
(2)Environmental protection
Advocate the concept of environment protection to the locals and encourage their involvement in environmental preservation work. For tourists, educate them before any tour takes place; the correct concept and right touring behaviors are essential to the environments.
(3)Traffic transportation
Three levels of transportation are suggested: from airport to visitor center to NPS center, from visitor center to tour spots and exhibition centers, and the current bus traveling system in Kinmen. If the traffic means are integrated, accessibility to the tour spots is easy.
(4)Operating and Management system
To enhance the levels of management, the non-profit organization and its efficiency needs to be strengthened; also the inspecting and protection units need to be re-enforced. For areas with fragile eco system, the control of the visitor number needs the cooperation of the community and the NPS; the two parties need to work tightly toward the development of tourism.
(5)Hotel and restaurant management
Preserving the rich physical assets of Kinmen and establishing strategic management system will be the current major works for Kinmen NP.
IV. Suggestions
1. Short term development and suggestions
(1)Eco tour planning and tour details
(2)Trial eco tour and its adjustment and evaluation
(3)The training of interpreters and their certifications
(4)The information establishment and management of eco tour
(5)The promotion of the eco tour and environment protection
2. Mid and long term development and suggestions
(1)Special eco trial tour and its adjustment and evaluation
(2)Establishing strategic management system
(3)Accessibility to tour spots through thorough transporting service
(4)Establishing self-evaluation standards for service industry
(5)Certification of eco hotel
金門因其地理位置及歷史發展上之特殊性，是發展賞鳥、體驗傳統聚落建築、戰役史蹟風貌及文物史蹟等深度旅遊的最佳區域，但由於金門環境屬於較脆弱的島嶼型態，實有必要提昇生態旅遊觀念、整體考量金門資源並妥善規劃生態旅遊遊程，進以增進旅遊品質，並將利益回饋於當地居民，使當地資源得以永續機營。此亦即本計畫之委託緣起。
二、研究方法及過程
本計畫藉由文獻蒐集、現地資源調查與人員訪談（金門國家公園管理處資深人員）等研究方法，彙集整理金門整體生態旅遊資源資料，並參酌行政院永續發展委員會國土分組所研擬的「生態旅遊白皮書」規範，對於適合發展生態旅遊之資源特色（資源潛力部分）與發展生態旅遊可能對環境、遊客及未來經營管理之衝擊（環境限制部分）進行生態旅遊點之劃設與分級。此外，並透過與金門縣政府、旅遊經營團體、當地居民等共同參與之座談會，共同研商金門生態旅遊之發展機制。
三、重要發現
（一）在生態旅遊據點之劃設與分級部份
依據行政院永續會「生態旅遊白皮書」對於景點潛力之相關標準，進行生態旅遊點之分級後，獲致相關結論：在賞鳥據點方面，以慈湖區、浯江溪口、金沙水庫區、陵水胡區、雙鯉湖附近溼地等最具生態旅遊發展潛力；戰役紀念據點部份則以八二三戰史館、古寧頭戰史館與湖井頭戰史館最具潛力；軍事設施與防禦運補工事據點部份則以翟山坑道、九宮（四維）坑道、瓊林地下坑道最具潛力；聚落建築據點部份則以瓊林、水頭、南山與北山聚落最具有潛力。
（二）在生態旅遊行程之規劃方面
建議將金門地區之生態旅遊行程規劃為組合式與主題式兩大類型。組合式遊程分別以太武山區、古寧頭區、馬山區、古崗區以及烈嶼區，並進行遊程安排，主題式遊程則規劃有戰役之旅、冬季賞鳥、傳統聚落與建築之旅及金門古蹟考察之旅。另為能讓遊客藉由活動參與的方式得以更深入體驗金門的歷史文化，選擇了北山古洋樓、瓊林地下坑道、烈嶼雙口村、水頭聚落及金門傳統建築修復工程等進行特殊活動規劃。
（三）在生態旅遊之發展機制方面
本計畫研擬解說導覽、環境保育、交通轉運、經營管理與住宿、餐飲發展等發展機制，另提出分期發展計畫，以利生態旅遊之推展。
1.解說導覽機制：宜先強化以遊客中心或展示館為資訊樞紐之行程引導模式，並建置每條生態旅遊行程之解說導覽資料庫，同時進行解說員的培訓、認證與考核，且製作生態旅遊導覽網站及生態旅遊手冊、地圖。
2.環境保育機制：建議對內加強環境認知，宣導正確價值觀，鼓勵環保經營，對外加強旅遊行前教育，使保育行為之知識普及化，並推廣綠色消費，進行旅客行為引導，以及相關法令約束與旅遊規範。
3.交通轉運機制：建議以（機場、遊客中心、國家公園管理處）、（遊客中心、金門全區重要景點與展示館）與（金門現有公車系統）三種層面，發展接駁轉運，提昇遊客的可及性。
4.經營管理機制：宜強化非營利組織之作業功能與效率，作為整合平台，並建立維護管理準則，加強保護巡查機制。在遊憩活動管理上，建議於部分較敏感或較為稀有的生態地區，進行遊客數量管制，並整合當地社區發展協會、強化網站資訊傳達與雙向交流之功能。
5.住宿及餐飲發展機制：在硬體發展上，宜保留金門當地特色，軟體發展則建議以策略聯盟的方式，營造有吸引力的消費環境。
四、主要建議事項
（一）近程研究與後續發展建議說明
（二）中長程研究與後續發展建議說明
Abstract
Keywords: Kinmen National Park, Ecotourism, Planning, Ecotourism Itinerary Planning
I. Introduction
Because of its unique geographic location and rich cultural assets, Kinmen has excellent travel attractions such as viewing traditional village and architecture, battlefield monuments, human culture, and bird watching. However, concerning its fragile ecology, the problem of how to enhance visitors’ ecotourism concept and provide appropriate itineraries for sustainable resource management becomes an important issue to Kinmen National Park.
II. Research Methods and Processes
In order to collect the ecotourism information of Kinmen, document review, senior staff survey, and on-site investigation are used in this project. Also, the Ecotourism Guideline made by Sustainable Development Committee, the Executive Yuan, is applied to construct the ecotourism framework for Kinmen. Moreover, a meeting with the representatives of Kinmen County, travel groups, and local residents is held for integrating the schematism of ecotourism.
III. Major Accomplishment
1. Selecting and Grading of the Ecotourism Spots of Kinmen
According to the standards of SDC’s Ecotourism Guideline, the most potential ecotourism locations of Kinmen are selected as following:
(1)Bird watching spots: Cih Lake area, Wuchiang River outlet, Lingshui Lake area, Jinsha Reservoir area.
(2)Battlefield monuments: August 23rd Artillery Battle Museum, Guningtou Battle Museum, Hujingtou War Museum.
(3)Military facility and defense system: The Jhaishan Tunnel, Jiougong (Sihwei) Tunnel, Cyonglin Tunnel.
(4)Traditional settlements: Cyonglin, Shueitou, Nanshan, Beishan.
2. Planning of the eco tours
Tours of a specific theme and a combination type will be the two major categories of Kinmen’s ecotourism. The combination tour will be focusing on areas such as Taiwun Mountain, Guningtou, Mashan, Gugang, Lieyu; the tour with specific themes such as battle field visit, winter bird watching, and traditional architecture and village exploring will also be implemented. For in-depth tours, Beishan western tower, Cyonglin tunnel, Lieyu settlements, Shueitou settlement, and the restoration works of Kinmen’s traditional architecture are other options for tour with specific theme.
3. Development of ecotourism
The research also focuses on areas in tour interpretation, environmental protection, traffic transportation, hotel and restaurant management; phase plans for future eco tour development are proposed as well.
(1)Tour Interpretation
The visitor centers with sufficient information will serve as a central guide for all tours. The information including maps, guides, and brochures for all tours should be provided at the center. Also, well educated interpreters and well planned website for tourists will be excellent supplements to the success of all tours.
(2)Environmental protection
Advocate the concept of environment protection to the locals and encourage their involvement in environmental preservation work. For tourists, educate them before any tour takes place; the correct concept and right touring behaviors are essential to the environments.
(3)Traffic transportation
Three levels of transportation are suggested: from airport to visitor center to NPS center, from visitor center to tour spots and exhibition centers, and the current bus traveling system in Kinmen. If the traffic means are integrated, accessibility to the tour spots is easy.
(4)Operating and Management system
To enhance the levels of management, the non-profit organization and its efficiency needs to be strengthened; also the inspecting and protection units need to be re-enforced. For areas with fragile eco system, the control of the visitor number needs the cooperation of the community and the NPS; the two parties need to work tightly toward the development of tourism.
(5)Hotel and restaurant management
Preserving the rich physical assets of Kinmen and establishing strategic management system will be the current major works for Kinmen NP.
IV. Suggestions
1. Short term development and suggestions
(1)Eco tour planning and tour details
(2)Trial eco tour and its adjustment and evaluation
(3)The training of interpreters and their certifications
(4)The information establishment and management of eco tour
(5)The promotion of the eco tour and environment protection
2. Mid and long term development and suggestions
(1)Special eco trial tour and its adjustment and evaluation
(2)Establishing strategic management system
(3)Accessibility to tour spots through thorough transporting service
(4)Establishing self-evaluation standards for service industry
(5)Certification of eco hotel