金門環頸雉暨相關棲息生態環境調查
金門地區環頸雉目前依野生動物保育法，被政府列為珍貴稀有的保育類物種，但是其分類地位長久以來一直有所爭議。本計畫於金門西北部，定期調查368公頃範圍內金門環頸雉族群數量及在不同棲地出現頻度，同時以分子遺傳技術及形態分類確認金門環頸雉之亞種地位，並分析其族群遺傳多樣性，以建立金門環頸雉族生態及遺傳基本資料，提供執行當局擬定相關政策時之參考。四月到九月的野外族群調查顯示，今年該區環頸雉繁殖季高峰約在五、六月，而每公頃環頸雉密度約為 0.18至0.48隻之間，若能估計出單隻環頸雉對農作物的損害量，有關當局可依此估算出此區環頸雉族群對該地農作物的損害總量。紀錄較多隻次的地點為南山林道西方入口附近及北山聚落東方的農田地中，本研究建議日後若需要進行賞鳥活動或自然解說教育，應避開六、七月份，並於上述地區設計觀察路線。微衛星體基因座結果計算出金門族群與台灣族群的遺傳分化程度並不大（FST值= 0.00132），但受限於所使用的基因座數量以及基因座特性，尚不足以將此結果詮釋成金門與台灣地區環頸雉族群不具有遺傳分化。另一方面，以粒線體 DNA建構成的親源關係樹則顯示金門環頸雉與華東亞種最為接近，而與台灣環頸雉明顯分屬不同的系群，且形態鑑定亦發覺兩種外型明顯不同，應屬華東亞種，故本研究確認金門環頸雉應為外來引進的亞種，建議可以排除於野生動物保育法公告之珍貴稀有保育類野生動物保護範圍之外，必要時可採行適當的經營管理措施。
Abstract
The ring-necked pheasant on Kinmen island is currently listed by the Taiwanese government as a rare and endemic subspecies worthy of conservation. However, species record suggests that the ring-necked pheasants in Kinmen may be an introduced subspecies of Phasianus colchicus, casting controversy over its origin and endemism. Moreover, ring-necked pheasant in Kinmen has bred successfully in the wild and grown in number, and have begun to feed on crops, thereby creating damages to local agriculture and causing conflict between conservation and local economy to surface. This project aims to investigate the population density, habitat usage and to identify the origin and level of genetic diversity of ring-necked pheasant in north-west Kinmen, which will aid the strategizing of conservational policies.
Abstract
The ring-necked pheasant on Kinmen island is currently listed by the Taiwanese government as a rare and endemic subspecies worthy of conservation. However, species record suggests that the ring-necked pheasants in Kinmen may be an introduced subspecies of Phasianus colchicus, casting controversy over its origin and endemism. Moreover, ring-necked pheasant in Kinmen has bred successfully in the wild and grown in number, and have begun to feed on crops, thereby creating damages to local agriculture and causing conflict between conservation and local economy to surface. This project aims to investigate the population density, habitat usage and to identify the origin and level of genetic diversity of ring-necked pheasant in north-west Kinmen, which will aid the strategizing of conservational policies.