金門國家公園太武山區環境資源調查(一)
關鍵詞：太武山、植物、哺乳類、鳥類、兩棲爬蟲類
一、研究緣起
生物多樣性保育是每一個國家公園的重要目標之一，針對自然資源進行長期監測，可提供保育生物多樣性所必須的基礎資訊。太武山區為金門國家公園之核心區域，有豐富的天然環境與人文景觀，但歷年有關太武山區的自然研究報告卻相對偏低。根據董景生博士提出的中長期計畫建議，太武山區的調查宜在第一年針對動（植）物資源、林相、動物、生態景觀等資源分布狀況的調查研究，第二年則針對該區域的人文及戰役等資源進行調查工作。本計畫設立三個項目以完成計畫目標：（1）進行環境資源分布與現地調查，（2）建立環境資源分布資料庫，（3）環境資源分布比較與建議。
二、研究方法及過程
將太武山區大致區分太武山及中山紀念林、瓊林水庫、蘭湖、及榕園等樣區，於2009年4月~10月間，進行哺乳動物、鳥類、兩棲類、爬蟲類以及植物相調查。
三、重要發現
以捕捉、目擊、超音波偵測、痕跡觀察等方式共記錄了5科7種哺乳動物。以每月進行定點計數法的鳥類調查方式，共記錄了30科74種鳥類。以目視遇測法、穿越線鳴叫計數及翻找等方式，共記錄8科9種兩棲爬蟲類。各類動物的優勢種分別為：哺乳動物以小黃腹鼠及臭鼩最優勢；鳥類以樹棲性鳥類為最優勢，麻雀、八哥及斑頸鳩為其代表；兩棲爬蟲類以小雨蛙及黑眶蟾蜍為最常見種類。比較各調查樣區的結果，鳥類、兩棲爬蟲類、蝙蝠及食蟲目臭鼩在太武山樣區的數量或物種數目高於其它樣區。另外，水獺調查的結果則顯示在調查範圍內的蘭湖、瓊林、及陽明湖一帶，有水獺活動或棲息的觀察證據。
金門國家公園太武山區環境資源調查（一）
植物部份共記錄了80科277種維管束植物，其中針對太武山裸岩地區所進行的樣方調查，共記錄了35科80種維管束植物；另外針對斗門、蔡厝、玉章路、中山林及蘭湖進行步道名錄調查，則記錄了含括原生物種及人為引進物種的80科277種維管束植物。植物調查結果顯示，太武山植物普遍特性為耐乾旱強風，岩生植物為此地區的重要特色。太武山裸岩地區以海桐及白背木薑子為最優勢植物；以科別來看，禾本科為覆蓋度和出現頻度最高的科別。
四、主要建議事項
根據本研究結果，提出下列具體建議。以下分別從立即可行的建議、及長期性建議加以列舉。
立即可行建議：
主辦機關：金門國家公園管理處
協辦機關：中華民國自然生態保育協會、金門縣野鳥學會
（1）太武山在調查範圍內屬於動物種類、數量較高，且植物群相特殊的區域，調查結果可作為解說資訊及生物多樣性名錄的更新與參考。
（2）鳥類調查以長期監測為目標，規劃含括繁殖季及度冬季的完整年度調查。
中長期建議：
主辦機關：金門國家公園管理處
協辦機關：金門縣政府、中華民國自然生態保育協會
（1）太武山步道過去蝙蝠研究較少，本次結果顯示該地區的物種多樣性高，可再深入研究。
（2）監測人類活動或及氣候乾旱對於水獺所帶來的影響。
（3）保育類金龜在金門可能仍有局穩定族群，之後可進行詳細普查，及釐清與臺灣、大陸金龜的遺傳差異及親緣關係。
（4）與消防體系及防疫體系合作建立標準的蛇類通報方式和管道，可更加掌握金門地區蛇類的種類及數量。
（5）太武山岩生植群破壞後恢復不易，未來於進行相關工程時應順應地形與當地植群，以減輕對原始生態的破壞。
Keywords: Taiwu mountain, flora, mammal, bird, amphibian and reptile
Biodiversity conservation is one of the important goals of every national park. Long-term monitoring of the natural resources provides fundamental information for biodiversity protection. Taiwu Mountain Region is the core area of Kinmen National Park and has rich cultural and natural resources. Our knowledge on these resources, however, is scattered. According to the suggestion by the strategic long-term research plan proposed by Dr. C. S. Dong, this region should have at least 2-year inventory that covers fauna, flora, military and cultural resources. The first year project studied fauna and flora resources, including vegetation, bird, mammal, amphibian and reptile, at sampling sites of Taiwu Mountain trails, Lan Lake, Quionglin Dam, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Forest and Rongyuan using the standard biodiversity inventory techniques. An environmental resources database, with the help of GIS, was established to serve as future reference and information for public education programs. These data are useful for the management plans administrated by the Kinmen National Park Headquarters.
From April to October 2009, we recorded 7 mammal species of 5 families, 74 bird species of 30 families, 9 amphibian and reptile species of 8 families at the 5 sampling sites. Seven species, including Rattus losea, Suncus murinu, Passer montanus, Acridotheres cristatellu, Streptopelia chinensis, Microhyla ornate, and Bufo melanosticus, were dominant wildlife in this region. These species are more abundant within the Taiwu Mountain region than at the other nearby sampling plots. The otters (Lutra lutra) survey indicated that there were occurrence records at the Lan Lake, Quionglin Dam, and Yangming Lake.
Rocky vegetation is characteristic in this region. In the 10 plots set for investigating vegetation association, we recorded 80 vascular species of 35 families. We also recorded 277 native and naturalized plant species of 80 families along five trails that run across the Taiwu Mountain. Of these, Pittosporum tobira Ait, Litsea rotundifolia Hemsl. var. oblongifolia (Nees) Allen were the most abundant species. Based on our research, we suggest the immediate action and long-term strategies.
For Immediate action:
1. The results from this study indicated that the Taiwu Mountain are rich in species richness and host some unique species that deserve further protection. The biodiversity database at the Headquarters should be updated based on our efforts.
2. Long-term monitoring on birds should consider temporal scale, i.e., consider both breeding and wintering seasons.
For long-term conservation strategies:
1. Our findings indicated that Taiwu Mountain has higher bats species richness, however, previous bats studies were very limited. We suggest research efforts should be devoted.
2. The potential impact of human activities and drought condition on otter populations should be closely monitored.
3. The population size for the endangered Golden Turtle (Chinemys reevesii) may be fairly stable in Kinmen. We recommend a complete census to study its population and distribution, and also suggest that the phylogeographic relationship among Taiwan, Kinmen and China should be explored.
4. A standard operation procedure to record wildlife sighting should be established with the Fire Department of Kinmen County Government and the Bureau of Animal and Plant Health Inspection and Quarantine, especially for the snake species in Kinmen.
5. To eliminate the potential impact on the slow recovering rocky vegetation at the Taiwu Mountain, we recommend minimum development at the region.
一、研究緣起
生物多樣性保育是每一個國家公園的重要目標之一，針對自然資源進行長期監測，可提供保育生物多樣性所必須的基礎資訊。太武山區為金門國家公園之核心區域，有豐富的天然環境與人文景觀，但歷年有關太武山區的自然研究報告卻相對偏低。根據董景生博士提出的中長期計畫建議，太武山區的調查宜在第一年針對動（植）物資源、林相、動物、生態景觀等資源分布狀況的調查研究，第二年則針對該區域的人文及戰役等資源進行調查工作。本計畫設立三個項目以完成計畫目標：（1）進行環境資源分布與現地調查，（2）建立環境資源分布資料庫，（3）環境資源分布比較與建議。
二、研究方法及過程
將太武山區大致區分太武山及中山紀念林、瓊林水庫、蘭湖、及榕園等樣區，於2009年4月~10月間，進行哺乳動物、鳥類、兩棲類、爬蟲類以及植物相調查。
三、重要發現
以捕捉、目擊、超音波偵測、痕跡觀察等方式共記錄了5科7種哺乳動物。以每月進行定點計數法的鳥類調查方式，共記錄了30科74種鳥類。以目視遇測法、穿越線鳴叫計數及翻找等方式，共記錄8科9種兩棲爬蟲類。各類動物的優勢種分別為：哺乳動物以小黃腹鼠及臭鼩最優勢；鳥類以樹棲性鳥類為最優勢，麻雀、八哥及斑頸鳩為其代表；兩棲爬蟲類以小雨蛙及黑眶蟾蜍為最常見種類。比較各調查樣區的結果，鳥類、兩棲爬蟲類、蝙蝠及食蟲目臭鼩在太武山樣區的數量或物種數目高於其它樣區。另外，水獺調查的結果則顯示在調查範圍內的蘭湖、瓊林、及陽明湖一帶，有水獺活動或棲息的觀察證據。
金門國家公園太武山區環境資源調查（一）
植物部份共記錄了80科277種維管束植物，其中針對太武山裸岩地區所進行的樣方調查，共記錄了35科80種維管束植物；另外針對斗門、蔡厝、玉章路、中山林及蘭湖進行步道名錄調查，則記錄了含括原生物種及人為引進物種的80科277種維管束植物。植物調查結果顯示，太武山植物普遍特性為耐乾旱強風，岩生植物為此地區的重要特色。太武山裸岩地區以海桐及白背木薑子為最優勢植物；以科別來看，禾本科為覆蓋度和出現頻度最高的科別。
四、主要建議事項
根據本研究結果，提出下列具體建議。以下分別從立即可行的建議、及長期性建議加以列舉。
立即可行建議：
主辦機關：金門國家公園管理處
協辦機關：中華民國自然生態保育協會、金門縣野鳥學會
（1）太武山在調查範圍內屬於動物種類、數量較高，且植物群相特殊的區域，調查結果可作為解說資訊及生物多樣性名錄的更新與參考。
（2）鳥類調查以長期監測為目標，規劃含括繁殖季及度冬季的完整年度調查。
中長期建議：
主辦機關：金門國家公園管理處
協辦機關：金門縣政府、中華民國自然生態保育協會
（1）太武山步道過去蝙蝠研究較少，本次結果顯示該地區的物種多樣性高，可再深入研究。
（2）監測人類活動或及氣候乾旱對於水獺所帶來的影響。
（3）保育類金龜在金門可能仍有局穩定族群，之後可進行詳細普查，及釐清與臺灣、大陸金龜的遺傳差異及親緣關係。
（4）與消防體系及防疫體系合作建立標準的蛇類通報方式和管道，可更加掌握金門地區蛇類的種類及數量。
（5）太武山岩生植群破壞後恢復不易，未來於進行相關工程時應順應地形與當地植群，以減輕對原始生態的破壞。
Keywords: Taiwu mountain, flora, mammal, bird, amphibian and reptile
Biodiversity conservation is one of the important goals of every national park. Long-term monitoring of the natural resources provides fundamental information for biodiversity protection. Taiwu Mountain Region is the core area of Kinmen National Park and has rich cultural and natural resources. Our knowledge on these resources, however, is scattered. According to the suggestion by the strategic long-term research plan proposed by Dr. C. S. Dong, this region should have at least 2-year inventory that covers fauna, flora, military and cultural resources. The first year project studied fauna and flora resources, including vegetation, bird, mammal, amphibian and reptile, at sampling sites of Taiwu Mountain trails, Lan Lake, Quionglin Dam, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Forest and Rongyuan using the standard biodiversity inventory techniques. An environmental resources database, with the help of GIS, was established to serve as future reference and information for public education programs. These data are useful for the management plans administrated by the Kinmen National Park Headquarters.
From April to October 2009, we recorded 7 mammal species of 5 families, 74 bird species of 30 families, 9 amphibian and reptile species of 8 families at the 5 sampling sites. Seven species, including Rattus losea, Suncus murinu, Passer montanus, Acridotheres cristatellu, Streptopelia chinensis, Microhyla ornate, and Bufo melanosticus, were dominant wildlife in this region. These species are more abundant within the Taiwu Mountain region than at the other nearby sampling plots. The otters (Lutra lutra) survey indicated that there were occurrence records at the Lan Lake, Quionglin Dam, and Yangming Lake.
Rocky vegetation is characteristic in this region. In the 10 plots set for investigating vegetation association, we recorded 80 vascular species of 35 families. We also recorded 277 native and naturalized plant species of 80 families along five trails that run across the Taiwu Mountain. Of these, Pittosporum tobira Ait, Litsea rotundifolia Hemsl. var. oblongifolia (Nees) Allen were the most abundant species. Based on our research, we suggest the immediate action and long-term strategies.
For Immediate action:
1. The results from this study indicated that the Taiwu Mountain are rich in species richness and host some unique species that deserve further protection. The biodiversity database at the Headquarters should be updated based on our efforts.
2. Long-term monitoring on birds should consider temporal scale, i.e., consider both breeding and wintering seasons.
For long-term conservation strategies:
1. Our findings indicated that Taiwu Mountain has higher bats species richness, however, previous bats studies were very limited. We suggest research efforts should be devoted.
2. The potential impact of human activities and drought condition on otter populations should be closely monitored.
3. The population size for the endangered Golden Turtle (Chinemys reevesii) may be fairly stable in Kinmen. We recommend a complete census to study its population and distribution, and also suggest that the phylogeographic relationship among Taiwan, Kinmen and China should be explored.
4. A standard operation procedure to record wildlife sighting should be established with the Fire Department of Kinmen County Government and the Bureau of Animal and Plant Health Inspection and Quarantine, especially for the snake species in Kinmen.
5. To eliminate the potential impact on the slow recovering rocky vegetation at the Taiwu Mountain, we recommend minimum development at the region.